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#Cheonggyecheon #seoul #travel #korea #ForeignerReaction #Seoul #4k #Heron #Egret Cheonggyecheon Cheonggyecheon is a local stream belonging to the Han River system and is a tributary of Jungnangcheon. During the Japanese colonial period, it was completely covered over and diverted for other uses, effectively losing its function as a stream. Currently, the stream is maintained by artificially releasing 40,000 cubic meters of water per day from Cheonggye Plaza in the middle section, which is collected from various parts of Seoul. In the modern era, Cheonggyecheon in the mid-1950s was the most representative slum area in Seoul immediately after the Korean War. The Cheonggyecheon covering project was initiated to resolve this problem. Entering the 1990s, safety issues regarding the covered structures of Cheonggyecheon and the aging Cheonggye Elevated Highway continued to be raised. In response, Lee Myung-bak, then a candidate for Mayor of Seoul, pledged to restore Cheonggyecheon and was elected as the 32nd Mayor. Demolition of the Cheonggye Elevated Highway began on July 1, 2003, and construction to restore the approximately 5.84 km section from in front of the Dong-A Ilbo building in Gwanghwamun to Sindap Railway Bridge in Seongdong-gu was completed on September 30, 2005, at a cost of 386.739 billion won. Among the 20 major projects implemented in downtown Seoul from 1995 to 2010, the 'Cheonggyecheon Restoration' was selected as the top project, receiving a score of 4.02 out of 5 in the satisfaction and contribution evaluations. In a survey conducted by the Seoul Institute for Public Administration and Development targeting citizens, the restoration of the ecological environment was cited as the greatest achievement of the Cheonggyecheon restoration, and Cheonggyecheon ranked fourth when asked about Seoul's landmarks. Furthermore, in a survey conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the Seoul Institute for Public Administration and Development targeting merchants in the areas surrounding Cheonggyecheon, 66.8% evaluated the progress of the restoration project as "proceeding well," and regarding the future prospects of the restoration project, 77.6% predicted that it would "proceed well." Positive Evaluation The improvement of Cheonggyecheon and its surrounding environment is cited. It is noted that the restored Cheonggyecheon has become a resting space for citizens within the city and has established itself as a leisure space. First, improvements in air quality and noise reduction have been confirmed, the urban heat island effect has weakened, and the generation of negative ions was found to be higher than that of general urban areas. Furthermore, the number of biological species inhabiting Cheonggyecheon has increased to 626 (308 plant species, 25 fish species, and 36 bird species), which is 6.4 times the number before restoration (98 species). The presence of endemic species such as the Korean minnow, Korean loach, and spotted dace, as well as the Common sandpiper, spotted mallard, and salamander, has been confirmed. The Seoul Metropolitan Government Development Institute estimated that the economic effect of the restoration would reach up to 23 trillion won and predicted that 310,000 jobs would be created if surrounding development takes place after the restoration. *Negative Assessment* Economist Woo Seok-hoon harshly criticized the restored Cheonggyecheon in his book, calling it an "artificial lake." Additionally, because the existing flow of water is insufficient, electricity is used at the water intake facility to draw water from the Han River and groundwater and release it at Cheonggye Plaza. The electricity costs for pumping this water average around 800 million won per year, which is substantial, and algal blooms continue to occur, with [the situation] from 2007 to 2009 80 million won was spent on removing algae. In addition to this, approximately 8 billion won was spent in 2011 alone on labor costs, cleaning and security services, and maintenance costs for civil engineering and landscaping facilities. This figure has been steadily increasing, following 3.7 billion won in 2005 and 7.7 billion won in 2010. In a survey conducted by the Chosun Ilbo in June 2011, it was ranked third among the worst buildings, due to the reason that "Cheonggyecheon is a public structure symbolizing Korea, but it was built in a short period of time as if bulldozers were pushed through without an architect." Furthermore, there is criticism that former Seoul Mayor Lee Myung-bak rushed the restoration of historical sites in an attempt to hastily complete the Cheonggyecheon restoration project within his term; indeed, the stone embankment, Hyoryeong Bridge, Harang Bridge, and Oganseumun Gate were not restored and are currently being stored at the Jungnang-gu Sewage Treatment Plant. In addition, the stone embankment of Cheonggyecheon Stream, built in 1773 and stretching 17.1 meters wide along both sides ...