Поздние отводки пчел, на что стоит обратить внимание. Какие отводки пчёл перезимуют без проблем

One way to expand an apiary is to establish colonies. Colonies also help prevent swarming. An early colony, established in May and with sufficient initial strength (at least 4 frames), can fully provide itself with food for the winter, and in a favorable year, even produce marketable honey. There are several ways to establish colonies: by removing some of the bees, brood, and food from the main overwintered colonies, dividing the colony in half, or by raiding the queen or queen cell. Artificially establishing new colonies begins before natural swarming begins. Beekeepers should remember: the earlier colonies are established, the stronger they will be during the honey flow and the more honey they will produce. Queens are bred or imported from nurseries for early colonies. But first, preparatory work is carried out: empty, repaired, and disinfected hives are loaded with three to four combs containing honey, bee bread, and one to two cups of water or sugar syrup. They are then equipped with insert boards, canvas, and side and top insulating pads. Then, on a warm summer day, these hives are transported around the apiary on an apiary cart and placed next to colonies from which colonies can be taken (those occupying 10 or more streets). The process of forming a colony consists of transferring two to three frames (and sometimes more) of sealed brood with bees sitting on it (but without the queen) from the main colony to the new nest. The bees are also shaken off two to three frames. After this, the nests in the main colony and the colony are filled with the required number of honey combs, carefully insulated, and capped. After 2-3 hours, the colonies are given mature queen cells in their cages and transferred to their designated locations. Colonies can also be placed in second boxes, with the nest partitioned horizontally, with the bees exiting in the opposite direction. After 1-2 days, the queens are carefully released from the cages through tubes sealed with wax. If necessary, a second and subsequent batches of colonies are formed as the queen cells mature and the colonies become stronger. When the need for young queens subsides, the nurse colonies are disbanded. To do this, each colony is divided into 2-3 equal parts, reinforced with brood from other colonies, and one queen cell is retained in each part. By late May or early June, the queens in most colonies are usually fertilized and begin laying eggs. Further care for the resulting colonies consists of periodically expanding the nests with comb, wax foundation (when the natural honey flow begins), or entire nest boxes, and during the non-honey flow period, providing combs with honey and bee bread. Nuclear colonies whose queens have not been fertilized for 10-15 days are given queen cells again, or they are added to normal colonies. Thus, by the start of the main honey flow, the vast majority of colonies have become fully fledged colonies and are successfully utilizing the honey flow. When using this method, it is important to remember that raising colonies from queen cells established by bees from low-productivity colonies is unacceptable, as it passes on a hereditary tendency to swarm, and therefore, low productivity, to the offspring. Increases are obtained from queen cells established at least 40-50 days before the honey flow, so that both the colonies and the main colonies become fully fledged colonies. This year's honey harvest is subject to competitive selection. New, highly productive colonies are included in the core bee colonies, while low-productivity colonies are culled and used to strengthen colonies going into winter. Formation of new colonies from nucs. Good results are achieved by establishing new bee colonies from overwintered nucs. In the spring, these nucs are provided with favorable conditions for development (they are insulated and supplied with one or two frames of bee bread and 6-8 kg of honey, or, if honey is not available, with an equal amount of sugar syrup). If two nucs overwintered in a single hive, there is no rush to separate them in the spring, as they mutually warm each other and develop better. Once the nuc nest is completely occupied with frames of bees and brood, it is transferred to a separate hive. As the nucleus grows stronger, it develops into an independent colony, which, with a young queen, develops rapidly and produces marketable output during the summer. Formation of colonies. Depending on the purpose of the colonies, they are formed in separate hives, in second hives isolated from the main colonies by horizontal partitions, or in horizontal hives adjacent to the main colony. In a separate hive, colonies are kept for use as new colonies. If colonies with a helper queen are needed only for additional bee growth, they are placed in second hives or in horizontal hives adjacent to the main colony behind a solid partition. Source https://sites.google.com/site/nacinau... #beeke...