Neuron Structure and Function Explained (Ch12 Part 1)

Welcome back to Chapter 12! In this lecture, we explore the cells of the nervous system, including neuron structure, neuron classification, myelin, and the supporting glial cells that keep the nervous system functioning properly. Topics Covered Neuron Anatomy Dendrites Cell body (soma) Nucleus Axon hillock Axon Axon terminals Myelination Myelin sheath Nodes of Ranvier Saltatory conduction Faster nerve impulse transmission Functional Classification of Neurons Sensory (afferent) neurons Motor (efferent) neurons Interneurons Structural Classification of Neurons Multipolar neurons Bipolar neurons Pseudounipolar neurons Neuroglia (Glial Cells) Central Nervous System Astrocytes Ependymal cells Microglia Oligodendrocytes Peripheral Nervous System Schwann cells Satellite cells White Matter vs. Gray Matter Myelinated axons Unmyelinated axons Information transmission Information processing Nervous System Terminology Nuclei Ganglia Nerve tracts Nerves By the end of this lecture, you'll be able to identify the major structures of a neuron, classify neurons based on structure and function, describe the roles of neuroglia, and explain the difference between white matter and gray matter.