Syrups | Types of syrup | Uses&Significance|Methods of preparation|component of syrup #pharmaceutics

Syrups | Types of syrup | Uses&Significance | Methods of preparation | component of syrup | Storage of syrups SYRUPS Definition Syrups are sweet, viscous, concentrated aqueous solutions of a sugar(sucrose) or sugar-substitute in water or any other suitable vehicle. With or without added flavoring agents and medicinal substances. TYPES: 1. Simple syrup. 2. Medicated syrup 3. Flavoured syrup 1.SIMPLE SYRUP: :When purified water alone is used in making the solution of sucrose ,the preparation is known as syrup or simple syrup. It is used as flavouring agent and vehicle for drugs. According to BP it is 66.7% (w/w)and USP 85%(W/V). 2.MEDICATED SYRUP: When aqueous preparation contains some medicinal agent ,the syrup is called as medicated syrup. OR Solution of medicated substance in which sufficient sucrose is dissolved to produce a syrup liquid . These are prepared by combining each of the individual components of the syrup. Such as sucrose, purified water, flavors, coloring agents, therapeutic agent and other desirable ingredients. They are employed in therapeutics. The medicated syrup consist of sucrose mixed with solutions of other substances. 3.FLAVOURED SYRUP/ NON-MEDICATED SYRUP: Syrups not contain medicinal substances but contains various pleasantly flavored substances are called flavored syrups. These syrups are added in the preparation of medicated syrup and used for masking the disagreeable taste of medicinal substances. Examples are: Coca syrup , orange syrup , raspberry syrup etc . USES AND SIGNIFICANCE: 1.Syrups are used as vehicle for drug substances. 2.Syrups are used as flavouring agents. 3.Syrups are used as sweetening agents. 4.Syrups are used as demulcents. 5.Syrups are used as diluting vehicles for water soluble drugs. 6.As masking agents for nauseous and irritative drugs. Syrups are significant because: ✓ Easy to administer to children and old people. ✓ Sucrose retards oxidation because it is partly hydrolyzed into reducing sugars laevulose and dextrose. ✓ Strong solution of sucrose prevent decomposition by bacteria , fungi and mold because of strong osmotic pressure which results in dehydration of these organisms. ✓ Contain little or no alcohol. COMPONENTS OF SYRUP Most syrup contain the following components in addition to the purified water and any medical agent present. 1.Sugar and sugar substitutes 2.Antimicrobial preservatives. 3.Flavourants 4.Colourants 5.Special solvents ,solubilizing agents ,thickness , and stabilizers. 1.Sugar Or Sugar Substitutes Sucrose is the sugar most frequently employed in syrups. It may be replaced by other sugars or substances such as sorbitol , glycerin, propylene glycol. Artificial sweetening agents: methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose. These non-sugars are used for syrups of diabetic patients. Dilute solutions of sucrose support mold, yeast and other microbial growth whereas the growth of such microorganisms is usually retarted when the concentration of sucrose is 65% W/W or more but a saturated solution may lead to crystallization of sucrose. Sucrose and other sugars give proper viscosity to formulation and also sweetness. A syrup contain as much as 60 to 80% sucrose. 2.Anti microbial Preservatives Sucrose concentration of syrup is itself antimicrobial because it exerts a great osmotic pressure on microbes to draw water out of them thus dehydrating them. Commonly used preservatives with their effective concentration are Benzoic acid-----------------0.1 ---0.2% Sodium benzoate-------------0.1---0.2% Various combination of methyl, propyl and butyl parabenes totally about----0.1% 3.Flavourants Most syrups are flavoured with synthetic flavorants or naturally occurring materials to render the syrup pleasant tasting. Such as Volatile oils, Vanillin. 4.Colourants To enhance the appeal of the syrup ,a colouring agent is generally used. which correlates with the flavorant employed.i.e .green with mint ,brown with chocolate etc . The colores used should be : ➢ Water soluble ➢ Non -reactive with other components ➢ Colour stable at PH range and under light intensity. 5.Miscellaneous Special solvents ,solubilizing agent ,thickness and stabilizers are used according to formulation needs. Methods of preparation of syrups 1. Solution with the aid of Heat 2. Solution by agitation without aid of Heat 3. Addition of sucrose to a medicated liquid 4. Percolation Storage Syrups should be stored in a well closed container and at a temperature not exceeding 300C . . . . . . . . . . #pharmaceutics #pharmacy #pharmacognosy #pharmacytechnician #pharmacology #law #pharmaceutics #pharmacy_notes #viral #drug #easy