Physiopathologie et symptômes d'une bronchite chronique (BPCO)

Chronic bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs, and it is called chronic because it causes a productive cough, thus mucus-producing bronchitis, lasting at least 3 months each year for 2 consecutive years or even longer. Chronic bronchitis is a problem with the bronchial tubes and is grouped under the umbrella term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, along with emphysema. That said, they often coexist, likely because they share the same major risk factor: smoking. Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants such as sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, dust, and silicon dioxide, as well as genetic factors such as having a family history of chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is a type of post-smoking COPD, diagnosed based on symptoms, specifically a chronic cough (persistent cough) with a lot of mucus. Okay, so people who smoke expose their airways to all sorts of irritants and chemicals. Whatever the irritants, their effect is to stimulate the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucinous glands in the main bronchi, as well as the goblet cells in the smaller airways, the bronchioles, which increases mucus production in both areas. Since the bronchioles are smaller, even a slight increase in mucus secretion can lead to airway obstruction, which is the cause of most of the trapped air. And to make matters worse, smoking makes the cilia shorter and less mobile, making it difficult for mucus to escape from the bronchioles and into the back of the throat for expectoration. As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, patients with chronic bronchitis end up relying on coughing to clear their mucus plugs. Bronchitis symptoms: All this mucus in the lungs causes wheezing in patients with chronic bronchitis. This is due to the narrowing of the airways, which normally allow air to pass in and out of the lungs. These patients also have crackles, or rales, and thus bronchial syndrome. These are caused by the bursting open of the small airways. Chronic bronchitics also often present with hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen levels, and hypercapnia, or high blood carbon dioxide levels. This is due to the blockage of airflow through the airways by mucus plugs, which causes the partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs to increase. High blood CO2 levels can become so severe that some patients develop cyanosis, which is a blue discoloration of the skin. This is why some chronic bronchitics are sometimes referred to as "blue bloater." And this is comparable to the term "pink puffers" which describes patients suffering from emphysema. In addition, chronic bronchitis can cause: pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leading to right heart failure and therefore chronic cor pulmonale lung infections (bronchopneumonia) due to mucus blockage in the airways, and these infections can worsen the symptoms of bronchitis (pulmonary and cardiac). Subscribe - https://goo.gl/xHpaee. More videos - https://goo.gl/JzwVrI. Support us on Patreon -   / meducol  . This video is brought to you by Meducol, the Medical Platform. In addition to providing free access to videos, Meducol offers a comprehensive e-learning platform for medical education that connects medical and paramedical students to interactive video courses with quizzes, and healthcare professionals to sophisticated tools to share their knowledge and leverage their expertise! Free registration: https://www.meducol.com/ We're also social: Facebook -   / meducol   Twitter -   / meducol   Instagram -   / meducol_com   Google Plus - https://plus.google.com/+Meducol-Page... LinkedIn –   / meducol   Have any comments? We'd love to hear from you! https://meducol.com/contact/