Біологія 8 клас НУШ Головний мозок

The brain is the highest part of the central nervous system, responsible for the complex functions of the human body, including consciousness, thinking, movement, emotions and behavior. It is located in the cerebral part of the skull, where it is reliably protected by bone structures and three membranes: soft, arachnoid and hard. The brain includes several important parts: the brainstem (medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain), the cerebellum and the forebrain (intermediate and terminal brain). The brainstem regulates basic life functions, such as breathing, heart activity and reflexes. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movements and maintaining balance. The terminal brain consists of two hemispheres, covered with a cortex of gray matter, which is responsible for processes such as learning, memory, speech and consciousness. Under the cortex is white matter, which forms the conductive pathways for transmitting signals between different parts of the brain. The main functions of the brain include controlling movement, analyzing and processing information from the senses, and regulating the work of other organs and systems of the body. The brain plays a key role in ensuring mental activity and intellectual abilities of a person.