[김용범의 세계유산] 88. 터키_파묵칼레(Pamukkale):시간이 빚은 백색 궁전 & 세계최대 화장실

Pamukkale means "cotton castle" in Turkish. The limestone in the thermal waters has flowed down over centuries, creating a beautiful and bizarre landscape. The limestone springs here are known to be effective for arthritis and skin diseases, attracting many visitors from Europe and Asia seeking treatment. A resort town was founded here in the 2nd century BC by the Kingdom of Pergamon, which later became part of the Roman Empire. The city flourished as successive Roman emperors sought refuge here, continuing into the Byzantine Empire. However, the decline began with the arrival of Islam in the 11th century, and a devastating earthquake in 1354 destroyed the entire city, ultimately leading to its disappearance from history. The site first came to the world in 1887 when a German archaeologist discovered it. It was excavated and restored by Italian archaeologists in 1997. The excavation team removed about 20 meters of accumulated earth from the city, restored the city gate, and discovered the well-paved Roman road, the Cardo. In particular, excavations of the cemetery outside the gate uncovered diverse graves, proving that many people from Europe and Asia sought healing. The tombs here are diverse in form. This unique cemetery showcases the funeral customs of various ethnic groups. The site also boasts a perfectly preserved amphitheater capable of seating 15,000 people. Stone tablets discovered in the amphitheater depict scenes of martial arts in combat. This suggests that martial arts were once held in the amphitheater.