شرح نظرية الانجراف القارى| الدرس الثاني في الباب الرابع ج١ چيولوجيا ثانوية عامة 2023| نظام جديد

In this video, I'll explain Wegener's theory of continental drift. We'll learn what continental drift is, how it happens, and the evidence that indicates its occurrence. We'll also learn that the continents were once a single landmass called Pangaea, which then split into Laurasia and Gondwana, and subsequently drifted apart until they formed the continents we know today. This part will explain the evidence, such as the geological structure of the continents, examples from the Paleozoic Era, and animal and plant fossils. In the next video, I'll explain paleomagnetism and paleoclimate. In the previous video, I explained the last lecture of the first lesson in Chapter 4 of the high school geology curriculum: continental drift and mountain-building movements. We'll learn the difference between them and that an example of continental drift is the Great Colorado River Continental Descent. We'll also learn that continental drift is very, very slow and affects the relationship between seas and oceans. Mountain-building movements, on the other hand, are accompanied by faulting and displacement, and they form mountains faster than continental drift. The Builder of Continents We will learn that examples of mountains include the Himalayas and the Alps. In the previous part, I explained the first lesson in Chapter Four about the variation in environmental conditions over geological time. I will explain the evidence that indicates uplift and subsidence of the Earth's movements. We will learn that there is evidence of land rising to become water and water rising to become land. I don't need to say that this part is very important. In the previous part, I explained the first lesson in Chapter Four, and in this part, I will continue by explaining isostatic equilibrium. We will learn that the scientist Airey discovered that there is an equilibrium between the continental and oceanic crust despite the difference in density between them. This is what we call isostatic equilibrium, meaning a stable balance. This is what we will learn about mountains having roots beneath the mountain that plunge into the mantle to a depth four times the mountain's height. This is what I will explain in this video, and you will learn what it means for magma to move from the bottom of depositional areas to areas of fracturing and restore the crust's equilibrium. In the previous part, I explained the first lesson in Chapter Four, which is the variation in environmental conditions. Isostatic equilibrium and tectonic movements and their effect on rocks. Of course, I will explain the first part, the variation in environmental conditions, and we will learn the reasons for this variation, which include the difference between the land area and the water area, variations in topography, and the shifting of climatic zones from their orbits due to continental drift. We will also learn the results of this variation in environmental conditions over geological time, and how this variation led to an overabundance of marine life in some places and its scarcity in others, the migration of large numbers of them, the death of many animals, or adaptation to new conditions. We will learn examples of environmental adaptations over geological time, such as in the Carboniferous Period, and how the area of ​​Bid'ah and Thawra was in the past, and how coal was formed there, and it is now a desert in the Sinai Peninsula. We will also talk about the Permian Period and the formation of rock salt in Europe, which requires extensive sedimentary basins with shallow depth and high temperatures. These basins sometimes connect with seawater and are separated from it many times. Then the water evaporates, and the salt concentrates, forming rock salt. And now Europe A temperate climate. We'll also talk about the Upper Cretaceous period and the ancient formation of phosphates, which originated from marine organisms and are now found on land in Abu Tartur, Safaga, Quseir, and Sibaiya. Finally, I want to tell you that I love you all for the sake of God. -------- ✅ Link to the Facebook group for Mr. Mohamed Montaser's students:   / 648701699.  . ... My Facebook page too:   / elmontaser166   ...