Optimal Rocket Staging with Lagrange Multipliers

An application of Lagrange multipliers (from multi-variable calculus) to the problem of finding optimal mass for each stage of a multi-stage rocket. We look at an introduction to Lagrange multipliers, a derivation of formulas for finding optimal mass, and compare theoretical results with the Saturn V, Falcon 9, Starship and an example in Kerbal Space Program. Additional written explanation and example problems with solutions are available at sites.google.com/view/kspmath.