МАРТІН ЛЮТЕР. УЛЬРІХ ЦВІНГЛІ. ЖАН КАЛЬВІН. РЕФОРМАЦІЯ ПРОТИ ЦЕРКВИ. КОРОТКА ІСТОРІЯ. ПОДКАСТ.

COFFEE FOR THE TEAM- buymeacoffee.com/humster170s In the early years of the 16th century, Europe was undergoing great changes. The discovery of new lands, the invention of the printing press, and the ideas of the Renaissance transformed society. The Catholic Church, which dominated at the time, was the center of life for all segments of the population, from peasants to kings. However, in the 16th century, the Reformation began, which led to the split of Christianity into Catholics and Protestants. Protestants criticized the church and created new movements based on the Bible. This caused conflicts, since religious issues such as salvation or the interpretation of the Bible were of great importance. The Reformation also affected politics and society, contributing to the transition from feudalism to a commercial society. Europe became a continent of separate states with different religious movements.... On the eve of the Reformation, a revolution in printing took place in Germany: Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz invented movable metal type, which allowed books, including the Bible, to be printed on a large scale. This contributed to the spread of the ideas of Martin Luther, which spread rapidly through printed works, including his "95 Theses". Printed books became accessible to a wide range of people, which allowed people to study the Bible on their own and support the Reformation. Thanks to printing, the number of books in Germany increased significantly, most of which supported Luther's ideas.... The influx of gold and silver from America and the growth of world trade contributed to the development of banking and the transition of Europe to a capitalist economy. New financial instruments, such as bills of exchange and checks, appeared to facilitate large payments. Wealthy banking families, such as the Fuggers, even provided loans to emperors, which emphasized their influence. Medieval society, dominated by barter and agriculture, was gradually replaced by monetary relations, where even peasants paid cash taxes. Population growth after the Black Death and rising food prices caused discontent among the people, who refused to pay tithes to the church. Martin Luther exploited this discontent by calling on the German nobility to resist the abuses of the papacy. Cities, where bankers, merchants, and artisans concentrated, became centers of economic and social progress, and the Reformation's ideas of individual initiative found support among ambitious townspeople. Although not all of Europe adopted Protestantism, economic hardship made people more open to new ideas.... The Reformation was also a period of the Scientific Revolution. Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, according to which the Earth revolved around the Sun, but his idea was not initially widely accepted. Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon criticized this theory, citing the Bible. The Catholic Church initially did not deny the theory, but when it began to be considered a fact, the church opposed it, which led to the excommunication and imprisonment of Galileo Galilei. Heliocentrism contradicted millennia of scientific ideas, and only later studies by Galileo, Kepler and Newton simplified and confirmed this theory, making it generally accepted.... In our new video, we will briefly talk about the Reformation and its struggle with the Catholic Church and not only. Enjoy watching. #history #podcast #religion #christianity #protestantism #interesting