What is Hydroquinone? | Dr Davin Lim

Hydroquinone remains as one of the most popular pigment inhibitors. It is still the most effective treatment for pigmentation including melasma, post acne pigment & as a bleaching cream in many Asian & African countries. Hydroquinone was made famous by Michael Jackson, who overdosed on this (as well as propofol). Concentrations range from 2% to 8% or higher. In Australia this can be purchased over the counter with concentrations of 2% or less. Countries in Asia such as Japan, & many African countries ban the trade & sale of HQ. Safety concerns are founded by murine studies (rats). Not substantiated. Biggest concerns are, firstly contact dermatitis with higher concentrations, tachyphylaxis (stops working) & exogenous ochronosis (hyperpigmentation instead of fading pigment). Majority of side effects can be mitigated with appropriate use & monitoring. Most dermatologists will limit its use to 3 to 6 months maximum. We rotate other pigment inhibitors such as arbutin, ascorbic acid, licorice root, soy, flavonoids, bearberries, cranberries, & exfoliants such as AHAs. Accurate titration and application of hydroquinone will reduce side effects and maximise its use.