Indonesia's Greatest Expedition

In 650 AD, a small group of people from Borneo, Indonesia crossed 6,600 kilometers of open Indian Ocean in wooden outrigger vessels — guided by stars and monsoon winds. They landed on an uninhabited island off the coast of Africa. Their descendants are still there. That island is Madagascar. And almost nobody knows this happened. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ SOURCES & SCHOLARLY REFERENCES Dahl, Otto Christian Malgache et Maanyan. Egede Instituttet, Oslo, 1951. Foundational linguistic proof of Malagasy-Maanyan connection. Adelaar, K. Alexander "The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence" In: Ancient Human Migrations: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach University of Utah Press, 2009. Integrated synthesis of linguistic, genetic, and archaeological evidence. Beaujard, Philippe et al. "The Settlement of Madagascar: What Dialects and Languages Can Tell Us" PLOS ONE, PMC3283610, 2012. 650 CE colonization date, southeast coast landing, single founding event. Kusuma, Pradiptajati et al. "Mitochondrial DNA and the Y Chromosome Suggest the Settlement of Madagascar by Indonesian Sea Nomad Populations" BMC Genomics, PMC4373124, University of Toulouse, 2015. 30 founding mothers, 93% Indonesian descent, ~2,900 individual dataset. Crowther, Alison et al. "Ancient Crops Provide First Archaeological Signature of the Westward Austronesian Expansion" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 2016. Asian rice and greater yam archaeobotanical evidence, Madagascar and Comoros. Horridge, Adrian "The Austronesian Conquest of the Sea — Upwind" Australian National University Press. Outrigger vessel technology, Indian Ocean navigation, cinnamon route. Dewar, Robert E. & Wright, Henry T. "The Culture History of Madagascar" Journal of World Prehistory, 1993. Archaeological record of Madagascar's earliest settlements. Philip Beale — Borobudur Ship Expedition philipbeale.com, 2003–2004. Expedition records: Jakarta to Ghana, August 2003–February 2004. Samudra Raksa — Wikipedia Vessel dimensions, construction details, expedition timeline. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ MORE VIDEOS What Everyday Life Was Actually Like in Java →    • What Everyday Life Was Actually Like in Java   Mansa Musa Was Not The Richest Man in History →    • Mansa Musa Was Not The Richest Man in History   The Healthiest Drink Since 1,300 Years Ago →    • The Healthiest Drink Since 1,300 Years Ago   #Madagascar #IndonesiaHistory #AustronesianMigration #AncientHistory #MaritimeHistory