Que sont les BRICS ? | Géopoliticus | Lumni

More episodes of Géopoliticus 👉 https://bit.ly/Geopoliticus Subscribe! 👉 http://bit.ly/2QLeh5V Corratum: at 00:57, "Brazil and China export raw materials," this refers to Russia, not China. The BRICS is a club of emerging countries. Who are its members? What are their objectives? How do they challenge Western countries? Géopoliticus explains everything 👇. Origin and Functioning of the BRICS In 2001, after the September 11 attacks, and as the world entered a period of economic and financial instability, economist Jim O'Neill developed the concept of BRIC, an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Why? • These countries were experiencing strong economic growth: GDP multiplied by 3 to 16 in 20 years. • They had a stable political regime, but not necessarily democratic. • They had completed their demographic transition: low birth and death rates, and balanced. • They therefore appear to be drivers of the global economy for years to come. In the 2000s, the BRICs established themselves as trading powers. Brazil and China export raw materials. China and India are industrial and technological powers. And they dominate demographically, representing more than 40% of the world's population. The BRIC leaders officially met for the first time in 2009, at Russia's initiative. In 2011, they agreed to hold an annual meeting. That same year, South Africa joined the BRICS. ► Initially focused on economic and financial issues, the BRICS expanded their missions to include strategic and development issues. In 2014, they created the New Development Bank (the New World Bank), which aims to compete with global financial institutions (IMF, World Bank). The BRICS, members Unequal This institutionalization does not, however, erase the differences between its members. Russia, China, and India possess nuclear weapons. Russia and China are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (they have a veto power during Council votes), while New Delhi, Brasilia, and Pretoria claim a seat. These states are also sometimes competitors: Beijing and New Delhi maintain a historical rivalry (conflict in the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean), while China and Russia, although partners, display mutual distrust (historical tensions, diplomatic competition, unbalanced relations). The 2008 global economic crisis, political crises in Brazil (impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff, election of Jair Bolsonaro) and South Africa (corruption scandals and ousting of President Jacob Zuma), and strategic crises in Russia (annexation of Crimea and suspension from the G8), have weakened the BRICS club. But in In 2022, the club made a remarkable comeback with the war in Ukraine. While not supporting the war waged by Moscow, none of the members sanctioned Russia. ► In a context of growing divisions between Western countries and the "rest" of the world, the BRICS represent a credible alternative to the West. Their renewed proactivity on the international stage, particularly that of China, strengthens their voice with regard to other emerging countries, particularly when they denounce the disproportionate weight of the dollar in global trade. BRICS+: From five to ten members Thus, at the BRICS summit in August 2023, 23 countries positioned themselves as candidates for membership. On January 1, 2024, five of them joined: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. This expansion sends a strong signal, particularly to Western countries. But the divergences in view, all the more important within an enlarged club, as well as the growing weight of China, may constitute limits to the unity of this club, which is in no way an alliance between States.