L'Onu : impuissante face aux crises mondiales ?

More episodes of Géopoliticus 👉 https://cutt.ly/gAoLAF9 Conflicts in the Middle East, in Ukraine, the fight against climate change... Faced with the wars and crises disrupting the world, we wonder about the real power of the UN. Is it powerless? Géopoliticus helps you decipher the limits of the United Nations' action 👇. Role and Missions of the UN The United Nations was created in 1945, in the aftermath of the Second World War. Today, it is composed of 193 member states. The UN Charter defines three main missions: • Maintain international peace and security • Develop friendly relations among nations • Support international cooperation If the United Nations struggles to assert itself on these issues, it is primarily because of its organization. Six bodies make up the UN. 1- At the top, the Security Council has executive power: it is responsible for enforcing UN rules. Among its 15 members, ten are non-permanent and elected for two years. The other five members (the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom) are permanent and have a veto power that can block any resolution. ► Examples: In September 2022, the West attempted to pass a text condemning Russia's annexation of part of Ukraine. → Moscow vetoed it. In April 2024, several countries, including Russia, proposed that Palestine be recognized as a new UN member state. → Washington vetoed the decision to preserve the United States' Israeli ally. 💡 Consequences of the veto: on all the most sensitive issues, these major powers neutralize each other, preventing the organization from making important decisions. 2 - The General Assembly, a more democratic body that brings together all 193 member nations, has only consultative powers. While everyone can take action, the deliberations are merely recommendations. 3 - The General Secretariat 4 - The International Court of Justice 5 - The Trusteeship Council 6 - The Economic and Social Council On the ground, the Security Council can decide to deploy peacekeeping operations by sending peacekeepers (more than 90,000 troops from over 120 member countries) and soldiers to serve the UN. In the Kashmir region since 1949, a ceasefire monitoring mission in the conflict between India and Pakistan. In Kosovo since 1999, a mission to establish a secure post-war environment. In Haiti since 2004, a peacekeeping mission. In Darfur between 2007 and 2020, a mission to protect civilians. 💡 But the rules imposed on peacekeepers often prevent them from intervening: they are regularly forced to stand by while massacres are underway. Worse still, the weakness of their training and supervision means they are regularly accused of laxity, of abusing the population, or of spreading disease, as was the case in Haiti in 2010, where peacekeepers imported a cholera epidemic while they were supposed to be protecting the population against armed gangs. Is the UN useless? Given this observation, can we conclude that the UN is useless? The United Nations remains to this day the only body in the world to regularly bring together all states to try to maintain a minimum of dialogue among themselves. In the words of the Swede Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the UN (1953-1961): "The United Nations was not created to take us to heaven, but to save us from hell." 👉 And discover all the videos in the Geopoliticus series.