21 CONCEPTS SELF ASSESSMENTS|ORGANIC SYNTHESIS|🌴🥀🌹|✨🌴|CHEMISTRY|✨🌟|CLASS 11|🥀| NBF|✈️|FEDERAL BOARD

00:02 Self assessment 21.1 First chemical name is propyl ( not ethyl) propionate 04:29 21.2 12:34 21.3 notes please 09:57 in 21.3 Q3 *Synthetic Route to Prepare 2-Hydroxypropandioic Acid (Tartronic Acid) from Ethanol* **Target Molecule**: 2-Hydroxypropandioic Acid (HOOC-CH(OH)-COOH) **Starting Material**: Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) --- #### **Step-by-Step Synthesis**: 1. *Conversion of Ethanol to Ethyl Bromide* **Reaction**: CH3CH2OH -------PBr3/HBr----CH3CH2Br **Purpose**: Introduce a good leaving group (Br) for Grignard reagent formation. 2. *Formation of Ethyl Magnesium Bromide (Grignard Reagent)* **Reaction**: CH3CH2Br +Mg ---- --CH3CH2MgBr 3. *Reaction with Diethyl Carbonate to Form Diethyl Malonate* **Reaction**: CH3CH2MgBr +COO{EtO}2---H3O+-----Ch2(COOEt)2(diethyl malonate) **Purpose**: Build the three-carbon backbone with two ester groups. 4. *Hydrolysis of Diethyl Malonate to Malonic Acid* **Reaction**: Ch2(COOEt)2(diethyl malonate)--------HOOCCH2COOHmalonic acid **Purpose**: Convert esters to carboxylic acids. 5. *Bromination of Malonic Acid via Hell–Volhard–Zelinskii (HVZ) Reaction* **Reaction**: HOOCCH2COOHmalonic acid ---Br2,P----HOOCCHBrCOOH **Purpose**: Introduce a bromine atom at the α-carbon (central CH₂ group). 6. *Substitution of Bromine with Hydroxide* **Reaction**: HOOCCHBrCOOH-----NaOH (aq)---HOOC-CH(OH)-COOH} \ ({2-hydroxypropandioic acid}) **Mechanism**: SN₂ substitution replaces Br⁻ with OH⁻. --- **Key Reactions**: **Grignard Reagent Formation**: Enables carbon chain elongation. **Diethyl Malonate Synthesis**: Constructs the three-carbon diacid framework. **HVZ Reaction**: Selectively brominates the α-carbon. **Nucleophilic Substitution**: Introduces the hydroxyl group. **Final Product**: *2-Hydroxypropandioic Acid (Tartronic Acid)* \[ \boxed{\text{HOOC-CH(OH)-COOH}} \] --- This route efficiently builds the target molecule from ethanol using Grignard chemistry, ester hydrolysis, and functional group interconversions. links Chapter 21    • ORGANIC SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 21 CHEMISTRY CLA...   Chemistry class 11 👇    • Chemistry 11 full book key   Title Discription Taught by a certified educator future college teacher FUTURE COLLEGE an education channel Welcome to Future college We create educational lectures by combining in-depth analysis, curated visuals, and expert commentary. Our content transforms complex concepts from books/slides into engaging, easy-to-understand lessons. Every video features is explained by our future college teacher Our channel adds significant original commentary and educational value This channel adheres to YouTube’s Reused Content Policy and Fair Use guidelines for educational content. if This video uses limited third-party content under fair use for educational purposes. We add significant original value through custom narration, annotations, and structured teaching. Compliant with YouTube’s Partner Program policies . . Copyright Disclaimer: - Under section 107 of the copyright Act 1976, allowance is mad for FAIR USE f Copyright Disclaimer: - Under section 107 of the copyright Act 1976, allowance is mad for FAIR USE for purpose such a as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statues that might otherwise be infringing. Non- Profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of FAIR USE.