External Spinal Cord (Surface, Segments, Spinal Nerve, Enlargements, Reflex Arch) - Anatomy
š Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ š« Help keep this content free: Ā Ā Ā /Ā @taimtalksmedĀ Ā š¬ Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 š² Other Links: Instagram: Ā Ā /Ā taimtalksmedĀ Ā Discord: Ā Ā /Ā discordĀ Ā Content: 0:00 Introduction 1:07 Topography of Spinal Cord 2:44 External Surface of Spinal Cord 3:41 Spinal Segments 5:15 Spinal Nerve and Vertebral Canal 7:33 Enlargements of the Spinal Cord 8:27 Spinal Nerve Anatomy 14:13 Reflex Arch Topography of Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) Vertebral Canal (Canalis Vertebralis) Covered by: ā Pia Mater ā Arachnoid Mater ā Dura Mater Foramen Magnus to L1/L2 40-45 cm long Medullary Cone (Conus Medullaris) Filum Terminale (Terminal Thread) Cauda Equina External Surface of Spinal Cord: Anterior Surface ā Anterior Median Fissure (Fissura Mediana Anterior) ā Right Anteriolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Dexter) ā Left Anterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Sinister) Posterior Surface ā Posterior Median Sulcus (Sulcus Medianus Posterior) ā Right Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Dexter) ā Left Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Sinister) Segments of the Spinal Cord 8 cervical segments 12 thoracic segments 5 lumbar segments 5 sacral segemnts 1 coccygeal segments Spinal nerves going out throguh Intervertebral Openings (Foramina Intervertebralis) Relationship between the spinal cord and the vertebra: Spinous processes of cranial cervical vertebrae Correspond to same segment Spinous processes of caudal cervical vertebrae Segment +1 (e.g. vertebra C7 = spinal segment C8) Spinous processes of cranial thoracic vertebrae ā segment + 2 (e.g. vertebra T3 = spinal segment T5) Spinous processes of caudal thoracic vertebrae ā segment + 3 Vertebrae T10āT12 ā lumbar segments L1āL4 Vertebrae T12āL1 (epiconus) ā lumbar and sacral segments L5āS2 Vertebrae L1āL2 (conus) ā sacral and single coccygeal segments S3āS5 and Co Enlargements of the Spinal Cord Cervical Enlargement (Intumenencia Cervicalis) ā Brachial Plexus Lumbosacral Enlargement (Intumenencia Lumbosacralis) ā Sacral and Lumbar Plexuses Anatomy of the Spinal Nerve: Spinal Nerves synapse with nuclei in gray matter of spinal cord Posterior Root / Sensory Root (Radix Sensoria) ā Enter through the posterolateral sulci ā Spinal Ganglion / Dorsal Root Ganglion (Ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis) ā Pseudounipolar neurons Anterior Root / Motor Root (Radix Motoria) ā Enter throguh the anterolateral sulci Spinal Nerve contain: ā Sensory Fibers ā Motor Fibers ā Sympathetic Fibers (Between C8-L2) ā Parasympathetic Fibers (Between S2-S4) Branches of the Spinal Nerve ā Ventral Branch § Cervical Plexus § Brachial Plexus § Lumbar Plexus § Sacral Plexus ā Dorsal Branch ā White Ramus Communicans ā Meningeal Branch Reflex Arch Mono-Synaptic Reflex ā Patellar Tendon Reflex Multi-Synaptic Reflex ā Withdrawal Reflex Sources used in this video: Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by HudĆ”k Radovan (Author), KachlĆk David (Author), Volný OndÅej (Author) Biorender University notes and lectures

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