Semiconductor Nanofabrication: How Light Prints a Chip

How do you print features a few nanometers wide using light whose wavelength is far larger? A silent, animated explainer on photolithography and the physics that limits it. Covered: • Photolithography: how a chip gets its pattern • Diffraction: why light has a resolution limit • The Rayleigh resolution equation (CD = k1 · lambda / NA) • Where the naive plan breaks down • Beating the limit: immersion, multiple patterning, EUV • Real numbers: wavelengths and process nodes in nanometers Built with Manim. No narration or music; everything is explained on screen.