SÍNDROME de OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO: causas, síntomas y diagnóstico. - Ginecología y Obstetricia -

PCOS is one of the most common endocrine and reproductive disorders. Dr. Modesto discusses the pathophysiology, symptoms, and diagnosis of PCOS. More information, other videos, podcasts, PDFs, and more... AULAGINECOLOGIA.COM (Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram @aulaginecologia). POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), or Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, is a very common endocrine and reproductive disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. It is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of women and by far the most common form of chronic anovulation. ETIOLOGY The etiology of PCOS is not entirely clear. There are predisposing genetic factors, and environmental factors also play a role. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: To fully understand PCOS, it is essential to understand, at least approximately, how a normal ovarian cycle works. (See video of the ovarian cycle) In the follicles, specifically in the granulosa cells, androgens are produced. These are then converted into estrogens by the action of FSH. Because there are multiple follicles, which are hyperstimulated, as we will see, by high levels of LH, androgen levels increase, further hindering ovulation. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: In 2003, the Rotterdam criteria were established, which consist of three elements: anovulation or dysovulation (manifested as menstrual irregularities), clinical or analytical hyperandrogenism, and ovarian multicystosis on ultrasound. To diagnose PCOS, at least two of the three criteria must be met, and, as mentioned before, other causes must have been ruled out. Dr. Juan Modesto explains Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Visit our website and take the test: https://aulaginecologia.com/profesion... SYMPTOMS 1. Hyperandrogenism: the most frequent symptom is hirsutism: male-pattern hair distribution. 2. Ovulation disorders. These appear in 70% of patients. In most cases, they manifest as Oligomenorrhea (fewer than 8 menstrual periods per year). 3. Subfertility or infertility, as a direct consequence of dysovulation, but also due to obesity and insulin resistance. 4. More than half of PCOS patients will be obese, and 40% present with truncal obesity. 5. Risk of endometrial cancer, due to chronic anovulation. DIAGNOSIS In the case of amenorrhea with a positive progestin test, we establish the diagnosis of anovulation. This indicates that estrogen levels have been sufficient to cause endometrial growth, but progestin levels have been insufficient. Therefore, when progestins are administered exogenously, withdrawal bleeding occurs. A state of anovulation will be considered PCOS as long as other possible causes are excluded, as already mentioned. SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS: PCOS SYNDROME Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):    • SÍNDROME DE OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO (PACIENTES...   Other topics: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome TREATMENT:    • SÍNDROME de OVARIO POLIQUÍSTICO: TRATAMIEN...   Ovarian Cycle:    • CICLO OVÁRICO: Explicación del ciclo menst...   Amenorrhea:    • AMENORREA: Diagnóstico diferencial, tipos ...   Bleeding After Menopause:    • SANGRADO POSTMENOPÁUSICO: Causas, evaluaci...   Uterine Polyps:    • PÓLIPOS UTERINOS: Causas, riesgo de cáncer...   Uterine Fibroids:    • MIOMAS: Síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamient...   Heavy Menstrual Bleeding:    • HIPERMENORREA (sangrado o regla abundante)...   Endometrial Cancer:    • CÁNCER DE ENDOMETRIO I: Causas, síntomas, ...   Other videos, podcasts, PDFs, and much more: AULAGINECOLOGIA.COM