ÂM THANH LÀ GÌ? 15 KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN NGƯỜI LÀM ÂM THANH PHẢI BIẾT

Sound isn't simply about making speakers produce sound. To set up a system that delivers powerful, clear, distortion-free, and safe sound, we must understand sound from its fundamentals. 1. Sound is vibration When a speaker diaphragm moves, it compresses and expands the air, creating sound waves that travel to the human ear. The brain receives and analyzes these waves, allowing us to perceive speech, singing, and musical instruments. 2. Sound has three important elements These three basic elements are frequency, volume level, and time. Frequency determines whether the sound is low or high. Volume level determines whether the sound is loud or soft. Time relates to delay, phase, and reverberation. 3. The human ear can hear a limited range of frequencies Under optimal conditions, the human ear can hear approximately twenty to twenty thousand vibrations per second. Actual hearing ability depends on age and hearing condition. 4. Low-frequency range creates depth and power The low-frequency range creates a vibrating, deep, heavy, and impactful sound. This is the area of ​​bass drums, bass guitar, and many stage sound effects. 5. Mid-range determines vocal clarity The mid-range contains most of the information in speech and vocals. A lack of mid-range makes vocals sound muffled and difficult to hear. Too much mid-range will make the sound harsh and tiring to the ear. 6. High-range creates brightness and detail The high-range makes the music bright, clear, and airy. However, increasing it too much will make the sound harsh, shrill, and easily tiring to the ear. 7. Subwoofer handles low frequencies Subwoofers create depth, vibration, and impact for the entire system. Subwoofers typically reproduce frequencies from around thirty or forty, up to around eighty, one hundred, or one hundred twenty. 8. Deep bass and punchy bass are two different sensations. Deep bass usually feels soft, vibrating, and low. Punchy bass feels solid, fast, and hits the chest. A good system needs to balance these two ranges according to the type of music and intended use. 9. Full-range speakers handle vocals and most of the frequency range. Full-range speakers reproduce the mid-low, mid-high, and high frequencies. Their main task is to clarify vocals, speech, instruments, and the details of the music. 10. When using a subwoofer, don't let the full-range speakers drive too low. If the full-range speakers have to drive too much bass, the diaphragm will move excessively, heat up quickly, and easily distort the sound. Correct crossover will help the full-range speakers handle less load, produce clearer mid-ranges, and operate more safely. 11. Crossover is the component that divides the frequency for each speaker. The crossover determines which part of the subwoofer is driven and which part of the full-range speakers is driven. Correct frequency division helps each speaker operate within its most effective range. 12. HPF and LPF have different functions. HPF protects the higher frequencies above the crossover point and reduces the lower frequencies. LPF protects the lower frequencies below the crossover point and reduces the higher frequencies. Full-range speakers usually use HPF, while subwoofers often use both HPF protection and LPF crossover. 13. The crossover point is just the starting point. You can refer to the crossover area as approximately eighty to one hundred and twenty, depending on the type of subwoofer and full-range speaker. There is no fixed number that is correct for all systems. 14. Phase and delay determine whether subwoofer and full-range speakers complement or cancel each other out. Even with the same crossover point, subwoofers and full-range speakers can still suffer from bass loss if the phase or timing is wrong. Sound travels one meter in almost three milliseconds, so the distance between speakers also affects synchronization. 15. Indoor and outdoor setups must be different. Indoors have many reflections from walls, ceilings, and floors, making them prone to hum or excessive low-mid frequencies. Outdoors, there's less reflection, energy spreads widely, and bass is lost more quickly. Therefore, it's necessary to measure the frequency response, check phase, delay, volume levels, and listen at multiple locations before drawing conclusions. Conclusion: A good sound engineer isn't someone who adjusts a lot. A good sound engineer is someone who understands the cause, measures correctly, adjusts correctly, and knows when to stop when the system is balanced. Learn sound from the basics – understand correctly to master the system. Contact Truong Thanh 0974 70 4444 (Zalo) https://titantoolsanalyzer.com.vn/ #ProfessionalSound #SoundSetup #Crossover #Subwoofer #FullRangeSpeaker #PhaseDelay #SoundKnowledge #TruongThanhTitan