MIT Scientist's Discovery: "Black Holes Might Be Dark Matter!"

In this episode of Theories of Everything, MIT physicist and historian David Kaiser explores primordial black holes which are hypothetical entities that may have formed before stars or atoms. David discusses their potential role in explaining dark matter, their connections to cosmic inflation, and how they might reshape our understanding of the early universe. This conversation connects the realms of quantum theory, cosmology, and the history of physics. I personally subscribe to The Economist. TOE listeners get 35% off the annual subscription. No other podcast has this! https://economist.com/TOE Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos):    / @theoriesofeverything   Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠David Kaiser's published papers: https://arxiv.org/a/kaiser_d_1.html •⁠ ⁠Bell, J. S. “On the Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen paradox” (1964): https://cds.cern.ch/record/111654/fil... •⁠ ⁠“Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.19227 •⁠ ⁠“Cosmic Bell Test Using Random Measurement Settings from High-Redshift Quasars” (2018): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.05966 •⁠ ⁠“Close Encounters of the Primordial Kind” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.17217 •⁠ ⁠“Primordial Black Holes from Multifield Inflation with Non-minimal Couplings” (2022): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04471 •⁠ ⁠“Testing Bell’s Inequality with Cosmic Photons” (2013): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.3288 •⁠ ⁠“Planck Constraints & Gravitational-Wave Forecasts for PBH Dark Matter Seeded by Multifield Inflation” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.02168 •⁠ ⁠“Light Scalar Fields Foster Production of Primordial Black Holes” (2025): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.13251 •⁠ ⁠“Debye Screening of Non-Abelian Plasmas in Curved Spacetimes” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15385 •⁠ ⁠“Primordial Black Holes with QCD Color Charge” (2023): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.16877 •⁠ ⁠A Brief History of Time – Stephen Hawking: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553380168 •⁠ ⁠In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat – John Gribbin: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0553342533 •⁠ ⁠How the Hippies Saved Physics – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/039334231X •⁠ ⁠Drawing Theories Apart – David Kaiser: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002Y5W2X2 •⁠ ⁠The Principles of Quantum Mechanics – P. A. M. Dirac: https://www.amazon.com/dp/177323630X •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok discusses black holes on TOE:    • The Most Astonishing Theory of Black Holes   •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok discusses his new theory on TOE:    • The (Simple) Theory That Explains Everythi...   •⁠ ⁠Claudia de Rham discusses gravity on TOE:    • The Woman Who Broke Gravity | Claudia de Rham   •⁠ ⁠Jacob Barandes discusses the evolution of quantum mechanics on TOE:    • There’s No Wave Function? | Jacob Barandes   •⁠ ⁠Tim Maudlin discusses Bell’s Theorem on TOE:    • Why Bell's Theorem Changes Everything | Ti...   •⁠ ⁠Tim Palmer & Tim Maudlin debate physics on TOE:    • Tim Maudlin Λ Palmer: Fractal Geometry, No...   •⁠ ⁠Emily Adlam discusses the "all at once" universe on TOE:    • The "All At Once" Universe Shatters Our Vi...   •⁠ ⁠TOE's String Theory Iceberg:    • The Mathematics of String Theory [Graduate...   •⁠ ⁠Cumrun Vafa discusses dark matter on TOE:    • Dark Dimensions: NEW THEORY Unifying Dark ...   •⁠ ⁠Claudia de Rham (follow-up interview):    • The Physicist Who Broke an "Unbreakable" R...   •⁠ ⁠John Moffat discusses dark matter on TOE:    • John Moffat: Modifying Gravity & The Dark ...   •⁠ ⁠IceCube Neutrino Observatory: https://icecube.wisc.edu •⁠ ⁠KM3NeT Collaboration: https://www.km3net.org •⁠ ⁠Debye length overview: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/... •⁠ ⁠“Hippies, Bell Tests, and a Career Studying Quantum Entanglement” – Physics Today: https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/onl... •⁠ ⁠“Black Hole Flyby” – London Review of Books: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n... Timestamps: 00:00 – What Are Primordial Black Holes? 01:41 – Could They Be Dark Matter? 05:21 – Kaiser’s Academic Journey 10:56 – Studying Physics and Its History 11:57 – Cosmic Inflation Basics 15:31 – Direct Collapse vs. Stellar Collapse 25:14 – Bell’s Theorem Explained 38:32 – Quasars and the Cosmic Bell Test 43:04 – High-Precision Astronomy 47:38 – Learning Curves & Interdisciplinary Research 48:17 – Scalar Fields and Inflation Models 55:05 – Black Hole Formation from Inflation 58:41 – Black Hole Mass as a Cosmic Clock 1:02:50 – Quark-Gluon Plasma & Color Charge 1:08:46 – Critical Collapse and Mass Spread 1:11:34 – Charged Primordial Black Holes 1:13:54 – Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Implications 1:20:14 – Detecting Black Holes Locally 1:23:51 – Tracking Planetary Wobbles 1:26:04 – Hawking Radiation & Positron Signatures 1:30:06 – Why Track Mars, Not Earth? #science Crypto: https://nowpayments.io/donation/TOE