01 - CONHECENDO OS DISCÍPULOS DE CRISTO - MATEUS 10: 1-4

SERMON ON THE MOUNT LIKE YOU'VE NEVER SEEN IT BEFORE | PRESLEY CAMARGO | MT 5:21-25 📖 "Blessed are the poor in spirit..." — simple words, but words that cut deeper than swords. He didn't speak like the teachers of the Law. He didn't seek the support of the Sanhedrin, nor the favor of Rome. His authority came from above. His message, from the Kingdom. This series is a journey through that Kingdom. We will explore the five great discourses of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with the Sermon on the Mount — the new spiritual constitution, given not on Sinai, but on a mountain in Galilee, at the feet of the human soul. 🕰️ Historical Overview of the Intertestamental Period to the New Testament 🏛 1. Medo-Persian Empire (539–330 BC) Dominion: Babylon, Persia, and the region of Judea. Biblical figures linked: Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. Situation: Return from exile, reconstruction of Jerusalem and the Temple. ⚔ 2. Greco-Macedonian Empire (330–146 BC) Alexander the Great conquers the Persian Empire. After his death (323 BC), the empire was divided among his generals (Diadochi): Name Region they dominated Cassander Greece and Macedonia Lysimachus Thrace and Bithynia Ptolemy Egypt and Judea Seleucus Syria, Phrygia, Mesopotamia and Persia Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid): Reign: c. 175–164 BC Imposed forced Hellenization on the Jews. Profaned the Temple (abomination of desolation) – 167 BC 🔥 3. The Maccabean Revolt (167–63 BC) Begins with the priest Mattathias and his sons: Judas Maccabeus Jonathan Simon Eleazar John Objective: To liberate the Jewish faith and restore the Temple. Result: Jewish autonomy under the Hasmonean dynasty. Effects: Restoration of religious life. Emergence of five main religious groups: Pharisees Sadducees Essenes Zealots Herodians 🏛 4. Roman Empire (146 BC – 476 AD) Conquest of Judea by Pompey in 63 BC. Progressive domination until total control as a province. Main Emperors in the Context of the New Testament: Emperor Reign Augustus Caesar 27 BC – 14 AD Tiberius Caesar 14 – 37 AD Caligula (Gaius) 37 – 41 AD Claudius 41 – 54 AD Nero 54 – 68 AD Theodosius 378 – 395 AD 👑 5. Herodian Reign (Idumeans, under Rome) Name Function Period Herod the Great King of Judea (Rome client) 37 – 4 BC Archelaus Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea and Edom 4 – 6 AD Herod Antipas Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea 6 – 39 AD Herod Philip II Tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis 4 BC – 34 AD Agrippa I and II Kings subordinate to Rome 1st century AD Pontius Pilate Roman Governor of Judea 26 – 36 AD 🛡 6. Manipulation of the Priesthood by Herod He appointed and deposed several high priests according to political interests: Ananel (Hananel) – Babylonian. Aristobulus III – of the Hasmonean lineage (executed). Jesus, son of Phabet. Simon Boethus – Herod's father-in-law (father of Mariamne II).