Comment redresser la France et l’Europe - Philippe Aghion

A big thank you to Stripe for supporting Génération Do It Yourself. Discover all of Stripe's offers at: stripe.com/startups Business collaboration. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #555 - Philippe Aghion - Nobel Prize in Economics - Reviving France and Europe Rewarding innovation means arming those who will kill it. Philippe Aghion has spent his career modeling this contradiction, which earned him the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics, shared with Joel Mokyr and Peter Howitt. The son of a Jewish couple who arrived in France in 1945, he grew up immersed in his father's communist ideology, which he shared throughout his youth. After earning a doctorate in economics from Harvard University, he tackled a question that has never truly been resolved: where does growth come from? The dominant model, by Robert Solow, explained it through capital accumulation and technological progress. But without being able to define the origin of technological progress, this model remained incomplete in everyone's eyes. It is this gap that Aghion and Howitt attempted to fill starting in the late 1980s. They returned to Schumpeter's concept of creative destruction to prove that growth stems from cumulative innovation. We innovate to make profits. And each innovation renders the previous one obsolete. But this model conceals a contradiction. To encourage innovation, it is necessary to reward it with rents. Except that once established, yesterday's innovators use these rents to block tomorrow's. Regulating an economy means constantly arbitrating this conflict. And it is precisely at this task that Europe has failed, according to him. He describes it as a regulatory giant that has killed its own industrial policy and laments the flight of European savings to American markets. In this discussion, Philippe Aghion shares his perspective on the world: His plan to balance France's books without further taxing the wealthy Why is Europe struggling to produce unicorns? And how can this be remedied? The evolution contract, his alternative to universal basic income How AI is already accelerating research, even at the highest levels Philippe Aghion doesn't describe himself as an optimist; he considers restoring France and Europe to a "battleground." And in this episode, he outlines his roadmap for achieving this goal. ▶️ Find everything we discussed on the episode page: https://www.gdiy.fr/podcast/philippe-... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIMELINE: 00:00:00 - Yesterday's innovators are holding back tomorrow's 00:09:04 - Towards social capitalism? 00:17:31 - How European savings finance American unicorns 00:24:48 - His plan to save France's finances 00:30:31 - Philippe's alternative to universal basic income 00:39:16 - Europe has achieved peace but failed at growth 00:45:06 - Gaullism 2.0 to revive France 00:54:12 - "Those who don't adopt AI will suffer" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MY TEAM: Host: Matthieu Stefani Publishing Director and Producer: Clémence Lepic Executive Producer: Matéo Dos Santos Video Manager: Axel Thoreux Production Coordinator: Clément Socchi Production Assistant: Manon Labrousse Development Manager: Louis Frambot Video Editor: Matthieu Beauvois MY SOCIAL MEDIA : ▶️ TikTok: /mattintouch ▶️ Instagram: /gdiypodcast ▶️ Twitter: /gdiypodcast ▶️ Website: https://www.gdiy.fr ▶️ Newsletter: https://www.gdiy.fr/mail