Why Every Locomotive Carries Tons of Sand

A ten thousand ton freight train touches the rail on a combined area roughly the size of a few coins. Each individual wheel meets the steel rail on a patch no bigger than a dime, barely a single square centimeter of contact. And through that tiny ellipse of metal on metal, every ounce of pulling force, every bit of braking power, and every ton of cargo must pass. So what keeps it all from slipping apart?