Article 28 of Indian Constitution Explained | Freedom from Religious Instruction in Schools

🔹 Text of Article 28 The Constitution of India states: No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds. Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational institution administered by the State but established under any endowment or trust which requires religious instruction to be imparted in such institution. No person attending any educational institution recognized by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required to take part in any religious instruction or worship in that institution without his consent (or if a minor, without the consent of his guardian). Let us understand Article 28 clause by clause: 1. Article 28(1): Prohibition of religious instruction Educational institutions wholly maintained by State funds cannot provide religious instruction. Example: A Government primary school or a Government college cannot teach Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, or any other religion as a subject. Purpose: To maintain secularism and prevent the State from promoting any religion. 2. Article 28(2): Exception – Trusts or endowments If an institution was created under a trust or endowment that specifically requires religious instruction, then the State can manage it while continuing that instruction. Example: Suppose a wealthy person donates land and money to the Government to run a school with the condition that Vedic studies must be taught. The Government can run that school with religious instruction because it is bound by the donor’s trust. 3. Article 28(3): Voluntary participation Even in State-aided or recognized institutions, no student can be forced to participate in religious worship or instruction. Participation must be voluntary. Example: If a student studies in a private school that receives some government grants, he cannot be forced to attend morning prayers or religious classes. Consent of the student (or guardian, if minor) is essential. #Article28 #IndianConstitution #FundamentalRights #RightToEducation #SecularismInIndia #IndianPolity #UPSCPreparation #UPSCPolity #LaxmikantPolity #UPSC2025 #UPSCMains #UPSCPrelims #UPSCExam #PolityForUPSC #IndianPolityForUPSC #PolityByElton #ConstitutionOfIndia #EducationalRights #RightToFreedom #IndianDemocracy