Готовим пасеку для ранних взятков. Как готовить пасеку для ранних взятков

It is well known that the most important conditions for effective honey flow utilization are: first, preparing strong colonies for the start of the flow and, second, maintaining them in a productive, non-swarming state. The practical methods by which these conditions are achieved cannot be the same for all regions of the country, as different areas exhibit significant differences in the nature of the honey flow, its strength, duration, timing of its onset, frequency during the season, etc. Depending on the specific honey flow conditions of a given area, unique sets of techniques for raising and productively using strong bee colonies have developed. These are commonly referred to as beekeeping methods. The application of a particular method also varies significantly depending on the hive system adopted at the apiary. To select the most advantageous beekeeping method for a given area, one must first study the type of honey flow conditions. Bees' growth time. To build up a large bee population for the honey flow, queens must continuously and intensively lay eggs, and the bees must feed the brood throughout the entire period preceding the main honey flow. Thus, the period from the bee's introduction to the main honey flow constitutes the bee buildup period. This period varies in length in different regions: the earlier winter sets in and the later the main honey flow begins, the more time the beekeeper has to prepare colonies for the honey flow, and vice versa. For example, in the south, in areas with a sunflower-type honey flow, bees are introduced in March, and the main honey flow begins in July, meaning the bee buildup period lasts 100 days or more. In the forest-steppe zone, in areas with buckwheat and linden-buckwheat honey flow, bees are usually introduced in mid-April, and the main honey flow begins in the first ten days of July. Here, too, the beekeeper has a considerably longer period—80-85 days—to prepare colonies for the main honey flow. In mixed and coniferous forests, where clover-raspberry or raspberry-fireweed types of nectar flow are common, bees are usually removed from the wintering house in the last ten days of April, and in some places even as early as early May, while the productive nectar flow begins in the first half of June. In these areas, the build-up period lasts only 45-50 days. The length of the build-up period significantly influences beekeeping techniques. In areas where approximately 80 days pass between removing the bees from the wintering house and the main nectar flow, building up a large population of bees for the honey flow is achieved without difficulty (provided the bees are provided with a maintenance nectar flow and food reserves). Even from queens bred in spring, additional bees can be obtained for the honey flow if their breeding begins no later than 50-55 days before the main nectar flow. To obtain additional bees from queens bred in spring, colonies must be formed from the main colonies. Therefore, it is important that colonies emerge from hibernation as strong as possible. In areas with a short nectar flow, preparing colonies for the nectar flow has its own unique challenges. In such conditions, beekeepers must build colonies to the same strength within 45-50 days as in areas with a late nectar flow, which takes 80-100 days. If the beekeeper fails to achieve this, the colonies will continue to grow rapidly during the main nectar flow, resulting in a sharp decline in honey yield. To ensure that colonies reach their full strength before the main nectar flow, even in areas with a short nectar flow, they must occupy at least nine streets in early spring. In this case, the nectar flow is partially completed in the fall, so preparing strong colonies for winter is especially crucial. Overwintered bees die in the spring within 30-40 days of being removed from the hive, so every effort must be made to increase brood production and rear young bees in the spring. One such measure is early colony development, which extends the bee-building period by 10-15 days or more. Source of information http://bee-home.ru/uchebnik-pchelovod...