Ewolucja moralności – przykazania, zasady i prawa wynikają z biologii | prof. Bogusław Pawłowski
📖 Discover our publishing house: https://radionaukowe.pl/wydawnictwo 📚 Convenient book shopping: https://wydawnictwoRN.pl. Use the discount code for audiobooks: sluchamRN 👉 Become a Patron: https://patronite.pl/radionaukowe 👉 Make a one-time donation: https://suppi.pl/radionaukowe 🎧 Listen on streaming: https://ffm.bio/radionaukowe 🔔 Subscribe: https://youtube.com/@RadioNaukowe?sub... 🌐 Website: https://radionaukowe.pl 👍 Facebook: / radionaukowe 📷 Instagram: / radionaukowe ❌ Twitter: / radionaukowe 🎓 Visit LAMU: / @letniaakademiamlodychumyslow 📩 Contact: [email protected] We can be altruistic, share with others We can use what we have, empathize with another person, and even sacrifice our comfort or resources for the sake of someone else. Scientists have long been interested in whether such behaviors are socially and psychologically determined, or perhaps have a deeper, biological basis and arose through evolution. Professor Bogusław Pawłowski from the Department of Human Biology at the University of Wrocław tells me about morality in animals, not just Homo sapiens. First, we need to define what morality actually is. "It's the observance of certain social rules," my guest replies. We like to attribute it exclusively to humans, perhaps allowing for the existence of morality in other great apes, yet the social behaviors that constitute morality (e.g., cooperation or the principle of reciprocity) occur in many animal species. Altruistic behavior has even been observed in fish! Researchers distinguish several types of altruistic behavior. For example, there is the phenomenon of kin selection: we are more inclined to help someone we are close to. Of course, it doesn't have to be purely about blood ties; they can be bonds formed through spending time together (let me reassure you: it's normal if you'd rather devote time and energy to helping a friend than, say, a cousin; genes aren't everything!). We also distinguish reciprocal altruism: we help others because someone else (not necessarily the same person) has helped us before, or because we expect a reward. Religions are based on the same mechanism. There are certain factors that promote the development of morality. Empathetic and altruistic behaviors are more common in species that raise offspring together – like us. Factors such as gender and age also play a role. "Young people have a greater tendency to cooperate," says Professor Pawłowski. To test how culturally evolved this is, studies compare the reactions of monkeys and young children to the same situations. The results point to biology. "It's clear that we already have innate dispositions to assess good and evil," Professor Pawłowski points out. In this episode, you'll also hear about what punitive altruism is, why we're sensitive to negative behavior, even though the vast majority (up to 95% of primate interactions, according to research) are positive, and whether evolutionary mechanisms develop precisely. This conversation was created during Radio Naukowe's 12th trip, this time to Wrocław. RECOMMENDED OTHER MATERIALS: • Radio Naukowe - Wszystkie odcinki • Fizyka • Biologia https://www . • Astronomia • Psychologia • Zwierzęta https://www.youtube.com/playlist?l ist=PLTld5jYla5hbqFcuJigv9NRT_o2pbfwjo • Historia • Historia życia https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... 2bAvbWqu4KhF7RZ1 • Technologia • Człowiek • Kultura 00:00 - 01:21 Introduction 01:21 - 12:08 What is morality? Components of morality 12:08 - 18:10 Game theory and altruistic actions 18:10 - 22:07 Evolutionary mechanism and the importance of genes 22:07 - 27:21 Experimental results - individual variation 27:21- 31:04 Do infants distinguish right from wrong? Children's Morality 31:04 - 33:14 Punitive Altruism 33:14 - 40:52 Cultural Differences 40:52 - 46:45 Cases of Harsh Altruism and Biological Morality 46:45 - 54:29 Shame, Obedience, Punishment, and Hierarchy 54:29 - 58:54 "They Act Like Animals" - Human and Animal Traits 58:54 - 1:01:12 Moral Contexts 1:01:12 - 1:04:55 Our Conscious Influence on Morality 1:04:55 - 1:07:17 Morality and Philosophy 1:07:17 - 1:11:21 Morality and Religion 🧠 Radio Naukowe - Turn on the Knowledge! 🧠 #RadioNaukowe #KarolinaGłowacka
