Why mRNA Vaccines Were Insanely Difficult to Make (it took 50 years!)

Why are vaccines so hard to make? The FDA approved two mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, but it was a challenge to make this type of vaccine work. In fact, it took decades of research to get us to the point where scientists could make those vaccines as quickly as they did! Learn all about it with Hank in this new episode of SciShow! Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon:   / scishow   ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Silas Emrys, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook:   / scishow   Twitter:   / scishow   Tumblr:   / scishow   Instagram:   / thescishow   ---------- Sources: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.nature.com/articles/s4154... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article-... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549... https://www.sciencedirect.com/science... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://clincancerres.aacrjournals.or... https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/1/2... https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.11... https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.nature.com/articles/274923a0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microb... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid... https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:314...