The Kalevala in Translation

A short history of translations of the Kalevala over the past 200 years, and a comparison of three different translations of Poem 43: The Battle of the Sampo. Features obligatory Tolkien reference. Bibliography: Alphonso-Karkala, John B. “Transformation of folk narratives into epic composition in Elias Lonnrot’s Kalevala” in Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung 31. Jahrg. (1986), pp. 13-28 Ilomäki, Henni. The Kalevala in translation – Folklore Fellows FFN 16 (1998): pp. 2-7. https://www.folklorefellows.fi/the-ka... Kalevala maailmalla. kalevalamaailmalla.kalevalaseura.fi Karjalan Sivistysseura. “Kal’evala vienankarjalakši” https://www.karjalansivistysseura.fi/... Kaukoniemi, Tapani. “Runokylien kielestä tuli Kalevalan kieli” in Karjalan Heimo (2015) 1-2: pp.4-6 https://www.karjalansivistysseura.fi/... Lönnroth, Larry & Liisa Laukkanen. “Kalevala på svenska: Kansalliseepokset ruotsinnokset ja niiden peritekstit 1800-luvulta 2000-luvulle” in Sananjalka 62 (2020): pp.195-214. Plourde, Éric. “Kalevala through translation: Continuity, Rewriting and Appropriation of an Epic” in Meta 51:4 (2006) pp.794-805. Rakin, Nikolay. (2015), “Alliteration in the Kalevala and in the translation of the epic into Komi by Adolf Turkin” in ESUKA – JEFUL 6 – 1 (2015): pp. 139–156. Rudolf, Anthony. “Keith Bosley In Memoriam” in Fortnightly Review (2018). https://fortnightlyreview.co.uk/2018/... Tarkka, Lotte; Eila Stepanova and Heidi Haapoja-Makela. “The Kalevala’s Languages: Receptions, Myths, and Ideologies” in Journal of Finnish Studies 21, 1&2 (2018), pp. 15-45.