finite und infinte Verben - Was genau ist der Unterschied?

This short video discusses the difference between finite and infinite verb forms. At the end of this video, you can state what these terms mean and which verb forms are finite and which are infinite. A finite verb can just as easily be called a conjugated verb. 💡 Sprakuko - Learn German:    / @sprakuko   Sources: Vogel, P. M. (2010). Morphology. In E. Hentschel (ed.), German Grammar. Walter de Gruyter. Spillmann, H. O. (2000): Introduction to German Linguistics. Langenscheidt. Ten Cate, A. P., Lodder, H. G., & Kootte, A. (2004). German Grammar. A contrastive German-Dutch description for foreign language acquisition, 2. Videos: What is a subject:    • Was ist ein Subjekt? - Grundwissen Grammatik   What is a morpheme:    • Was sind Morpheme? Freies, gebundenes, lex...   The five sentence types:    • Die fünf Satzarten des Deutschen - Grundwi...   0:00 Introduction 0:22 Definition of a "finite verb" 1:03 Conjugation and agreement 2:18 Infinite verb 3:02 Answer to the exercise 3:47 Imperative: finite or infinite? 5:40 Sentence structure 6:49 Summary 7:04 Outtakes In general, a finite verb form in a language is defined as a form that can form the predicate in an independent sentence. "He is standing at the corner." The predicate of this sentence is "steht," meaning this is a finite verb form. In languages ​​like German, a finite verb form also has a personal ending. The morpheme "t" in "steht" is the ending for the third person singular, and this also means that a finite verb form is a verb that is morphologically, that is, in terms of form, adapted to the subject in the sentence, namely in terms of person (whether it is the first, second, or third person), and in terms of number (whether the subject is singular or plural). This is called agreement, by the way. But not only person and number, but also time (i.e., tense and mood), meaning indicative, subjunctive, or imperative, are indicated with the finite form. Thus, one can also say of the finite verb "steht" that it is in the present indicative. A so-called "analytic" verb form, i.e., a compound verb form from which one can derive the information I just mentioned, occurs only once per sentence. The remaining components are infinitive. These infinitive forms are fixed forms of a verb. They are always the following three: present participle (stehend), past participle (stehend), and the infinitive (stehen). The status of the imperative as a finite verb form is controversial, however. Some linguists do not consider it a finite verb form, arguing that this form only exists in the present active tense and, moreover, does not really contain a personal ending, since there is no other person besides the second person. "Sprech schneller," for example, implies a second person. Forms in the imperative therefore carry much less information than a clearly finite verb like "gehst." But there are also numerous counterexamples that show that the imperative is not so limited after all. Passive forms do occur: "Greetings!" and "Be welcome!" And the statement that the information "tense" cannot be expressed in the imperative is also questionable. Goethe, for example, did indeed use a perfect imperative: "Broom! Broom! Be you!" So, if one considers the question very strictly, the only remaining argument is that the imperative is not a finite form, since only the second person can be expressed. In other languages, by the way, it is certainly possible; there are also imperatives in other persons. However, we can state for German that imperatives are definitely different from classic infinite forms like the infinitive of a verb. This is because imperatives implicitly contain a subject with which they always agree in number, that is, they agree. In "Mach das Fenster zu" (Close the window), "mach" definitely contains the information that it is about a person. This is not the case with an infinitive. You can even explicitly add this implied subject to give the statement more emphasis: "Just close the window." So, if we imagine a spectrum of verb finiteness, imperatives fall somewhere between infinitives and conjugated verbs. One more thing I'd like to address is the role of finite verb forms in sentence structure. In main clauses of the "statement" type (you can find the video above and below), the finite verb always comes second, regardless of which clause occupies the first position. In decision questions and in imperative clauses, as well as in unintroduced conditional clauses, the finite verb comes first. In subordinate clauses introduced by a conjunction, however, the finite verb comes last.