Cell Adaptations: pathology:HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA AND METAPLASIA

A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations. In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia. ***Follow me**** http://ilovepathology.com/ Twitter :   / vijaypatho     / ilovepathology2   Facebook:   / ilovepathology   HYPERTROPHY Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells increase in the size of the organ Cause : Increased functional demand or Stimulation by hormones and growth factors Mechanisms : Increased production of cellular proteins. Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes. HYPERPLASIA Increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ It takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing Mechanism : Results from growth factor induced proliferation of mature cells or Increased output of new cells from stem cells. METAPLASIA It is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type Mechanism Due to REPROGRAMMING of the precursor cells, present in the normal tissues. Differentiation into a new cell lineage By signals generated by various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components in the cells' environment. ~-~~-~~~-~~-~ Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"    • NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of  ...   ~-~~-~~~-~~-~