¿Cómo es el Misterioso Mundo Alienígena de Plutón? | Documental Espacio

🌍 Pluto, one of the most controversial objects in the Solar System, a tiny, cold celestial body located 40 times farther from the Sun than Earth, remained completely unexplored for a long time. This distant and mysterious world was long considered the ninth planet of the Solar System, until the International Astronomical Union established new criteria for the concept of "planet" and stripped this celestial body of the right to be called a "planet," relegating it to the category of dwarf planets, as a small body of the Solar System. But why is Pluto no longer the ninth planet of the Solar System? Although Pluto is no longer considered a major planet, it is of great interest to the international astronomical community. Thanks to the knowledge of Pluto's existence, major explorations have led to the discovery of several trans-Neptunian objects, comparable in size and mass to Pluto. 🔥 As a reminder, videos are published on SUNDAYS at 6:00 PM. ------------------------- 💥 What is Pluto like? : Pluto's dimensions have been measured at less than 3 kilometers. The planet's diameter is 2,376 km. This is much smaller than the diameter of any planet in the solar system, including Mercury, and much smaller than the diameter of our moon! Pluto is more than five times smaller than Earth. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, astronomers had predicted the existence of a celestial object beyond Neptune, with a mass greater than that of Earth. When Pluto was discovered, it turned out to be too small to exert such an influence. Between 1930 and 1978, Pluto's estimated mass gradually decreased from one Earth mass to one-tenth the mass of our planet. However, in 1978, the discovery of Charon, Pluto's moon, immediately allowed for the precise determination of the dwarf planet's mass. It turned out that Pluto is more than five times lighter than our Moon and has five hundredths the mass of Earth! The dwarf planet's volume is almost 7 billion cubic kilometers. This is about 152 times smaller than the volume of our planet. This means that up to 152 times Pluto could fit inside Earth! If we divide a planet's mass by its volume, we obtain its average density. Average density can indicate a planet's composition. For example, the density of Mercury and Earth is greater than 5 g per cm³. This suggests that the composition of these planets is dominated by metals and rocks. The density of Jupiter and Saturn is only about 1 g per cm³ because they are gas giants. Pluto's average density is 1.88 g per cm³. This is an intermediate value between gas giants like Jupiter and rocky planets like Earth. Several ices play a significant role in Pluto's composition. Chemically, Pluto appears to be composed of approximately 70% basaltic rock and 30% water. Pluto travels around the Sun in a different orbit than the major planets of the Solar System. All the major planets orbit the Sun in approximately the same plane, the ecliptic plane, while Pluto's orbit is inclined to it by 17 degrees. Furthermore, Pluto's orbit is elongated, more like an oval than a circle. Due to its elongated, highly elliptical orbit, Pluto travels from the Sun to within 49 astronomical units (AU) and then approaches it to within 30 AU. It's important to remember that an astronomical unit is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun, about 150 million km. ------------------------- 🎬 In today's program: 00:00 - Introduction 02:33 - General information about Pluto 02:58 - Physical characteristics of Pluto 04:58 - Pluto's orbit and rotation 07:51 - Pluto's magnetic field 08:17 - History of Pluto's discovery 14:02 - Exploration missions 12:00 - Why isn't Pluto a planet? 11:00 - Pluto's origin and place in the Solar System 25:51 - What color is the dwarf planet Pluto? 27:57 - What is Pluto's surface like? - 32:57 - Pluto's strange internal structure... 36:39 - Pluto's atmosphere 45:32 - Pluto's climate 47:46 - Pluto's moons 48:25 - Charon: the largest moon 55:14 - The other four moons 56:50 - Are there rings around Pluto? 58:47 - Is it possible that Pluto and Neptune will collide someday? 01:04:27 - What future awaits Pluto?