História - Unidade 3 - 6º ano - Antiguidade no Oriente

The material describes the emergence of the first complex civilizations in the Middle East, with a special focus on Mesopotamia, the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Several peoples, such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians, are highlighted for fundamental contributions, including the invention of cuneiform writing, mathematical advancements, and the development of legal codes. The narrative also addresses the commercial expansion of the Phoenicians, the pioneering monotheism of the Hebrews, and the administrative organization of the vast Persian Empire. These societies left a lasting cultural legacy in areas such as architecture, religion, and governance, shaping the foundations of the ancient world. Through examples such as the Standard of Ur and the Code of Hammurabi, the material illustrates the technical and social sophistication of these ancestral populations.