How to Play Audio on Arduino + Debug

This is a way too long tutorial on how to play medium quality audio files on an Arduino. I remember myself starting and what was supposed to be fun development, often times proved to be frustrating error checking. I wanted to make this explanation as complete as I could to help out everyone who might run in to some trouble. More importantly though, I am hoping to help build a more general understanding of the concepts behind this project. Learning how and why it works is vastly more important than just to play a song. --------------------------------------- You can hear popping sound out the beginning and the end of playing. This is known by the TMRpcm developer and supposedly solved in most cases. See the discussion here: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/tmrpcm-wav... --------------------------------------- Talking teddy video ---------------------------------------    • Made my Teddy Talk! What Will He Say?   --------------------------------------- Project files (including schematic): --------------------------------------- https://github.com/Make-It-Happen-DIY... --------------------------------------- Wav converter --------------------------------------- https://audio.online-convert.com/conv... 00:00 -- Introduction 01:07 -- PWM background 02:00 -- Circuit assembly 03.07 -- Amplifier background 04:30 -- Back to circuit assembly 06:29 -- Code 10:35 -- Audio file conversion 11:56 -- Power up 13:17 -- Troubleshooting