Nature-based Solution in Spatial Planning

The presentation focuses on mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions (NBS) into spatial planning, with a special emphasis on utilizing private land. It argues that NBS need a stronger evidence base, are highly place-specific, and require local capacity building. Using the Land4Climate project as a framework, it demonstrates climate risk assessments and impact chains to identify effective “no-regret” measures. Simulations show the quantifiable benefits of interventions like tiny forests (reducing heat stress) and reforestation (mitigating floods). However, implementing NBS on private land presents unique challenges: it complicates sequential engineering, demands investment certainty for authorities, and is hindered by diverse landowner interests. The presentation concludes that dedicated public policies and adapted funding schemes are essential to activate private landowners and successfully upscale NBS for climate resilience.