La intubación y ventilación mecánica

If you would like to see more scientifically accurate 3D medical images, please subscribe to our channel:    / nucleushealthvideose   MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: You may receive endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation if you are in an emergency situation involving severe breathing problems or if you are under general anesthesia during a surgical procedure. When you breathe, air enters your lungs when a muscle called the diaphragm, along with other nearby muscles, contracts and causes the chest cavity to expand. Air is exhaled when these muscles relax and the lung tissue slowly returns to its original size. This is called respiration. During respiration, oxygen from the air passes through your nose or mouth into your pharynx, or throat. It then enters your trachea, or airway. Your trachea divides to form the right and left main bronchi, which enter your lungs. Inside your lungs, the main bronchi divide repeatedly and eventually become small tubes called bronchioles. At the ends of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs called alveoli. Oxygen in your alveoli is absorbed into nearby tiny blood vessels called capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a gas in your blood that needs to be eliminated, enters the alveoli and exits through the airways. This process is called gas exchange. If you have severe breathing problems, the oxygen levels in your blood can drop too low or the carbon dioxide levels can rise too high. Either of these conditions can damage your vital organs, including your heart and brain. Some conditions that can cause severe breathing problems include: drowning; an obstruction in the windpipe, such as a foreign object or tumor; obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema; and illnesses such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe weakness of the muscles that control breathing and damage to the bones and tissues of the chest. Under these circumstances, you may need supplemental oxygen or breathing assistance through mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is also used during surgical procedures to administer anesthetics, prevent aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs, and closely monitor blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels during surgery. Before you are intubated and ventilated for a surgical procedure, an intravenous (IV) line will be inserted. Your doctor will administer medication through your IV to make you sleepy. As the medication takes effect, the doctor will place an oxygen mask over your nose and mouth and ask you to take deep breaths, ensuring that you have a reserve of oxygen in your body before the procedure. The first step in mechanical ventilation is called endotracheal intubation. Once you are asleep, your doctor will use an instrument called a laryngoscope to perform the intubation. A laryngoscope, which consists of a handle, a light, and a blunt blade, helps guide the endotracheal tube into its proper position. Your doctor will tilt your head back slightly and insert the laryngoscope through your mouth and into your throat, taking care not to touch your teeth. Using the blade, your doctor will gently lift the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that covers your larynx. They will then insert the tip of the endotracheal tube into your windpipe. Once the endotracheal tube is in your windpipe, your doctor will inflate a small balloon around the tube to ensure it is secure. Your doctor will then remove the laryngoscope and tape the tube to the corner of your mouth to prevent it from slipping out. Your doctor will check that the tube is correctly positioned in the lower part of your windpipe by inflating your lungs with a special bag and listening to your breath sounds on both sides of your chest. If the end of the tube is too low, both lungs will not receive the same amount of air. In some cases, an X-ray is taken immediately after intubation to confirm the tube's placement. Once the endotracheal tube is in the correct position, your doctor will connect it to a mechanical ventilator, a specially designed pump that assists breathing by delivering well-oxygenated air to the lungs and allowing carbon dioxide to leave them. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels will be closely monitored to ensure the ventilator is working properly. ANH00024es