One Man Drew a Red Line Around the Middle East. Four Companies Carved Up Everything Inside.
The Red Line Agreement of 31 July 1928 let four oil companies divide the former Ottoman Middle East — minus Kuwait — before most of its oil had been drilled. Anglo-Persian (BP), Royal Dutch Shell, the Compagnie Française des Pétroles (Total) and the American Near East Development Corporation took 23.75% each; Calouste Gulbenkian, “Mr Five Per Cent”, took the rest. At its heart sat a self-denying clause: a legally binding promise never to compete inside the line. This documentary tells the full story — the 1914 Foreign Office deal, San Remo, the American Open Door fight, the Baba Gurgur gusher, the secret Achnacarry “As-Is” pact, and the outsider who bought Saudi Arabia with 35,000 gold sovereigns while the cartel offered rupees. Sourced to Daniel Yergin’s “The Prize”, Jonathan Conlin’s work on Gulbenkian, the US State Department Office of the Historian, and the 1952 FTC staff report “The International Petroleum Cartel”. The red pencil is a legend. The line was real. #RedLineAgreement #OilHistory #MiddleEast #HiddenHistory #Aramco
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