شرح ألفية ابن مالك - 149 - من الأسماء الملازمة للإضافة كلا وكلتا وأي

This video explains a lesson from Ibn Malik's "Alfiyya" on Arabic grammar, specifically focusing on nouns that are always in the genitive case (i.e., always followed by a noun in the construct state), specifically the words "kila" (both), "kilta" (both), and "ay" (any). Here is a summary of the main points covered: First: "Kila" and "kilta" [00:01] These two nouns are always in the genitive case, both in form and meaning, and are only used with dual nouns [00:32]. The duality may be in both form and meaning (e.g., "kila al-rajulayn") or in meaning only (e.g., "kilmahula," where the pronoun refers to a dual noun) [01:12]. An important rule: They cannot be used with indefinite nouns (e.g., "kila rajulayn"), and they must be definite [01:56]. The explanation points out the irregularity of using "kila" with a singular noun in poetry, such as in the phrase "kila dhalika," where "dhalika" is considered singular in form but dual in meaning [03:13]. * The addition must be without separation by a conjunction; anything else (such as: both Zayd and Omar) is considered irregular [04:37]. Second: (Ayy) [06:21] The rules for adding "ayy" vary depending on its type: Addition to a definite singular: "Ayy" is only added to a definite singular in two cases: if it is repeated (such as: Ayy and Ayyukum) or if it refers to parts (such as: Which Zayd is better? Which parts of Zayd are better?) [06:46]. The relative pronoun "ayy": According to Ibn Malik, it is added only to definite nouns (such as: I admire whichever of them is standing), while others have allowed it to be added to indefinite nouns on a few occasions [10:04]. The adjectival (descriptive/adverbial) "ayy": It is added only to indefinite nouns and not to definite nouns. It functions as an adjective if it follows an indefinite noun (I passed by a man, any man), and as an adverbial noun if it follows a definite noun (I passed by Zayd, any young man) [13:29]. * The conditional and interrogative "ay" (أي): These are always added to indefinite and definite nouns in the dual and plural forms. In the singular form, the interrogative "ay" is added to both indefinite and definite nouns, while the conditional "ay" is usually added only to indefinite nouns [18:13]. Third: The type of attachment to the genitive case [23:07] The adjectival "ay" (أي): It is always attached to the genitive case in both form and meaning. The remaining types of "ay" (أيّ) (interrogative, conditional, and relative): They are attached to the genitive case only in meaning, and it is permissible to omit the genitive case and use tanween (nunation) instead (e.g., "Ayyun 'indaka?" [23:27]).