Least Squares Adjustments for Cadastral Mapping - February 2026

This workshop explored the theory of least squares adjustment and its practical role in cadastral data management, with a focus on distinguishing statistical rigor from cartographic convenience. Participants were introduced to the foundational concepts of least squares—error, redundancy, weighting, and adjustment models—without heavy mathematics, with an emphasis on why the method worked and the assumptions it required. The workshop connected these principles to surveying practice, showing how least squares emerged as a tool for reconciling measured observations rather than correcting interpreted geometry. Use the following links to find specific topics: 00:00 - Introduction 01:00 - Least Squares Introduction 02:25 Measurement Errors 10:00 - Simple Adjustments and Traverse Misclosure 17:15 - Least Squares Adjustments 22:30 - Consistency Checks 29:00 - Weighted Adjustments and Data Requirements 36"30 - Simultaneous vs. Sequential Conveyances 42:20 - Challenges in Sequential Conveyances 55:00 - Recommendations and Best Practices 1:04 - Legal Considerations and Conclusion