18 Calculus for Aerospace Electronics and AI

Maxima and minima — first-derivative critical points (dy/dx = 0), the second-derivative test (d²y/dx² › 0 for local min, ‹ 0 for local max), and how optimization underpins aerospace fuel-optimal trajectories and Max-Q, bridge rectifiers and LC resonance peaks in electronics, and loss minimization in AI. Class XII Maths, Application of Derivatives.