Чому мозок боїться невідомого? Наука про страх і мигдалеподібне тіло

00:Lecture 13 "Limbic System. Part 3," UPDATED course "Biology of Human Behavior" by Stanford University Professor Robert Sapolsky. 💰 Choose a way to support the Khmarynka Science project: https://uadd.me/KHMARYNKA 👕☁️ Khmaryny Merch → https://khmarnyi-merch.fatline.biz/ In this lecture, Professor Robert Sapolsky explains how the limbic system interacts with the prefrontal cortex of the brain, why fear often arises before we have time to realize the danger, and what role the amygdala plays in this process. You will learn why uncertainty causes a stronger brain response than ordinary risk, how the amygdala shapes the response to threat, why it is a key structure in the development of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), and how the brain is able to learn not only fear, but also gradually suppress it. The professor also explains why we sometimes make decisions in a matter of milliseconds, even before our consciousness comprehends them. Special attention is paid to the insular cortex, which is responsible not only for the feeling of physical disgust, but also for the formation of moral disgust, as well as how this mechanism affects our judgments, prejudices, and perceptions of other people. At the end of the lecture, Robert Sapolsky moves on to the role of the prefrontal cortex - the youngest structure of the human brain, which is responsible for self-control, long-term planning, impulse control, working memory, and making complex decisions. It is the interaction of the prefrontal cortex with the limbic system that determines whether we can control our emotions or whether they control us. 00:00:00 The interaction of the limbic system and the cerebral cortex 00:02:28 Risk or uncertainty: which scares the brain more 00:04:51 Why uncertainty causes stress 00:07:21 The social nature of fear 00:09:39 PTSD and the amygdala 00:11:48 Why PTSD develops after trauma 00:14:21 Intentional violence and psychological trauma 00:16:48 How the brain recognizes danger in 50 milliseconds 00:19:09 Why the brain makes mistakes when threatened 00:21:38 How the prefrontal cortex suppresses fear 00:24:03 Why we do not forget traumatic experiences 00:26:30 How fear is stored in memory 00:28:49 Context and memory of danger 00:31:10 A person without a sense of fear 00:33:39 Why we read emotions in the eyes 00:36:08 The insular cortex and the feeling of disgust 00:38:34 How moral disgust arises 00:41:00 Why moral disgust motivates action 00:43:14 The dangerous side of moral disgust 00:45:49 Why the feeling of disgust is deceptive 00:48:12 The prefrontal cortex is the center of self-control 00:50:30 Working memory and executive functions 00:52:59 Categorical thinking of the brain 00:55:11 How the prefrontal cortex inhibits impulses 00:57:38 The Stroop test and cognitive control 01:00:04 Why we say things we regret 01:02:34 Stress and mistakes thinking 01:05:03 When the right behavior becomes a habit 01:09:40 Social life changes the brain 01:12:16 Prefrontal cortex and social intelligence 01:16:39 Phineas Gage and the birth of neuropsychology 01:19:20 How brain damage changes personality 01:21:28 Frontotemporal dementia and loss of self-control 01:23:50 Why self-control depends on the context #neurobiology #brain #emotions #Sapolsky #science #psychology Link to the original:    • 13. Human Behavioral Biology: Limbic Syste...   On the Khmarinka Science channel, we try to popularize science, tell various interesting things, including news, about space, animals or natural phenomena.