Cómo Fue ser Negro en Cada Época

BIBLIOGRAPHY "Being Black Throughout History" 1. Pre-colonial Africa: the Mali Empire and Mansa Musa UNESCO – General History of Africa, Vol. IV (1984): documents the height of the Mali Empire, the trans-Saharan trade routes and the libraries of Timbuktu, which open the script David Conrad (2010): Empires of Medieval West Africa: reconstructs the power of the Saharan empires and the reign of Mansa Musa, the wealthiest man in history according to records of the era 2. The transatlantic slave trade Slave Voyages Database (slavevoyages.org): confirms the more than 12 million Africans forcibly deported and the approximately 2 million who died during the crossing Hugh Thomas (1997): The Slave Trade: details the role of Portugal and Great Britain, responsible for nearly 70% of the trade, and the conditions aboard slave ships Herbert S. Klein (1999): The Atlantic Slave Trade: analyzes the distribution by destination: Brazil as recipient of 40% of the total and the forced reproductive model applied in the American South 3. Daily life, control and cultural erasure Orlando Patterson (1982): Slavery and Social Death: documents the systematic separation of families at auctions, the replacement of names and the prohibition of languages as a strategy of domination Edward Baptist (2014): The Half Has Never Been Told: documents the workdays of up to 16 hours, physical punishment and the economic value of the enslaved body as a capital asset 4. Resistance: codes, religion and rebellions Fergus Bordewich (2005): Bound for Canaan: documents the code embedded in the song Follow the Drinking Gourd as an encrypted route north guided by the North Star C.L.R. James (1938): The Black Jacobins: canonical account of the Haitian Revolution of 1791, led by Toussaint Louverture, and the founding of the first free country governed by Black people 5. Abolition, Reconstruction and Jim Crow Laws Eric Foner (1988): Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution: history of the Reconstruction era, the constitutional amendments, Hiram Revels as the first Black senator and the rollback brought on by the Ku Klux Klan Equal Justice Initiative (2017): Lynching in America: documents more than 4,000 lynchings between 1880 and 1950, including their display on photographic postcards → eji.org Mamie Till-Mobley & Christopher Benson (2003): Death of Innocence: explains the decision to display Emmett Till's body in an open casket in 1955 and its impact on the civil rights movement 6. African colonialism Adam Hochschild (1998): King Leopold's Ghost: documents Leopold II's regime in the Congo: mass mutilations and deaths for failing to meet rubber production quotas Kwame Nkrumah (1957): Ghanaian independence speech: first African country to gain independence in the postwar period, a milestone the script frames as a continental turning point → wikisource.org 7. Civil rights, hip hop and systemic racism Taylor Branch (1988–2006): America in the King Years trilogy: chronicle of the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King's boycotts and the role of the Black Panthers in Oakland Jeff Chang (2005): Can't Stop Won't Stop: history of hip hop's birth in the Bronx as a cultural response to marginalization and its evolution into a global economic force Michelle Alexander (2010): The New Jim Crow: documents how the war on drugs led to the disproportionate mass incarceration of Black men 8. 21st century: Black Lives Matter and contemporary racism Ibram X. Kendi (2019): How to Be an Antiracist: documents current forms of systemic racism: algorithms, employment discrimination, disinvestment in neighborhoods and selective police stops ⚠️ Sensitive historical content. An uncomfortable, necessary story that is far more complex than it is often portrayed. What It Was Like Being Black in Every Era is a direct, intense, and unfiltered historical documentary that explains how the lives of Black people changed throughout history depending on the century, the region, and the dominant power system. This video explores what it meant to be Black in each historical period, from antiquity and African kingdoms to slavery, colonialism, racial segregation, and the modern era. Throughout the video, you will discover how Black people lived in each era, what rights they had, which ones were denied, how they were treated socially, and why the same skin color could lead to completely different destinies depending on the historical moment. Power, slavery, poverty, resistance, discrimination, culture, and survival: every stage imposed different rules.