Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) explained | Neuroscience Methods 101

Transcranial magnatic stimulation (TMS) is a neuroscience method to activate or deactivate regions in the brain. Here, we explain how it works! Transcranial magnetic stimulation, invented in 1985, uses a short magnetic pulse that activates axons (connection between neurons) in the brain. This is done in a non-invasive way, which means that no damage to the head is caused. When you apply TMS when somebody is at rest, you can activate this region. However, if someone is doing something and a particular brain area is already active, TMS can interfere with that ongoing activity. By this you disrupt the activity of a brain region. Repeated TMS activity has been shown to have a prolonged effect. It is therefore used in a clinical setup. TMS is FDA approved to treated mental disorders such as depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. More about repetitive TMS in a future video! Narrated by: Miles Wischnewski References: Chervyakov, A. V., Chernyavsky, A. Y., Sinitsyn, D. O., & Piradov, M. A. (2015). Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, 303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303 Di Lazzaro, V., & Ziemann, U. (2013). The contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the functional evaluation of microcircuits in human motor cortex. Frontiers in neural circuits, 7, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2013.00018 Eldaief, M. C., Press, D. Z., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2013). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology: A review of established and prospective applications. Neurology. Clinical practice, 3(6), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.CPJ.000043... Goetz, S. M., & Deng, Z. D. (2017). The development and modelling of devices and paradigms for transcranial magnetic stimulation. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 29(2), 115–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2017... Groppa, S., Oliviero, A., Eisen, A., Quartarone, A., Cohen, L. G., Mall, V., Kaelin-Lang, A., Mima, T., Rossi, S., Thickbroom, G. W., Rossini, P. M., Ziemann, U., Valls-Solé, J., & Siebner, H. R. (2012). A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(5), 858–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012... Pitcher, D., Parkin, B., & Walsh, V. (2021). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and the Understanding of Behavior. Annual review of psychology, 72, 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych... Ziemann U. (2017). Thirty years of transcranial magnetic stimulation: where do we stand?. Experimental brain research, 235(4), 973–984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-48... USE OF STOCK IMAGES AND VIDEOS Occasionally we make use of stock images and videos (pixabay.com or pexels.com). We use these to make our videos more lively (better than looking at a blank screen). These stock videos should not be taken as an exact scientific reflection of the discussed content. In some cases they are not fully accurate. We try to have a high viewing pleasure, while at the same time create as little confusion as possible. Thus we aim to only use them when it is clear that they are not directly related to the discussed content. CHANNEL GOALS The Psyched! channel focuses on providing education about psychology and neuroscience. Here you learn all about human behavior, the mind and the brain. It is our goal to reach everyone, from people who are casually interested to academic researchers. As such we provide simple explanation videos as well as profound lectures. If you like our content, consider to subscribe! SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS Instagram:   / real.psyched   Twitter:   / mileswischnews1   Website: www.mileswischnewski.com Timestamps 0:00 TMS mechanisms 2:26 Measuring brain activity with TMS 2:55 Disrupting brain activity with TMS 3:49 Reptitive TMS