The Earth Is Too Complex to Simulate and Too Hidden to Observe

The Earth is incredibly complex and incompletely observed, so how do we represent and understand the Earth? Challenges such as these drove new mathematical development. This is the Thirteenth lecture in Nan Chen and I's video series where we explore short insights into big questions. This series is based on a joint work: "An Applied Mathematics Perspective on Modern Geosciences" by Nan Chen, Reza Malek-Madani, Pedram Hassanzadeh, Samuel N. Stechmann, Amy Braverman, Hannah Christensen, Anne Gelb, Michael Ghil, Dimitris Giannakis, Chris Jones, Ruby Leung, Matthias Morzfeld, Charlotte Moser, Tim Palmer, Christian Sampson, Themistoklis Sapsis, Tiffany Shaw, Andrew Stuart, Jonathan Weare, Laure Zanna. We thank all collaborators for their contributions. We would like to give a special thank you to Dr. Reza Malek-Madani for his helpful discussions and feedback on the video series.