Hypokalemia 101: From Physiology to Safe Repletion #medical

Hypokalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances encountered in clinical practice. In this comprehensive medical lecture, we break down the physiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of hypokalemia in adults. This lecture is designed for medical students, residents, and healthcare professionals preparing for board exams or clinical rotations. What You Will Learn: Potassium homeostasis and the role of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump Three mechanisms of hypokalemia: Transcellular Shift, Renal Loss, and GI Loss The Vomiting Paradox: Why K+ is lost through the kidneys, not the stomach Clinical manifestations and ECG findings (T-wave flattening, U-waves, ST depression) A systematic diagnostic algorithm using urine K+ and acid-base status The critical distinction between True Deficit vs. Cellular Shift Safe management principles: Oral vs. IV repletion, the "No Dextrose" rule High-yield clinical pearls and common pitfalls MEDICAL DISCLAIMER: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. References: UpToDate Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st Edition Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (CMDT) 2026 StatPearls: Hypokalemia (NCBI Bookshelf) #Hypokalemia #medicallectures #InternalMedicine #BoardReview #USMLE #MedicalEducation #Electrolytes #Potassium #ClinicalPearls #Residency #MedSchool #Step2CK #meded #CriticalCare #nephrology #تعليم_طبي #medical #science #meded #education #usmle #نقص_البوتاسيوم #محاضرة_طبية #الطب_الباطني #التعليم_الطبي #مراجعة_البورد #الكهارل #البوتاسيوم #طب #ريزدنسي #كلية_الطب