What Exactly Is: Wing | Evolution, Structure, Mechanism, and Variation

Humans have been obsessed with wings because it enables flight, one of many things that we couldn’t do as a species. While all wings basically have the same core function, the way they works are different. Each winged animals also evolved wings independently, hence their structures are also different. Let's talk about each of them. Timestamps 0:00 Opening Thought 0:47 Wings and Flight 5:20 Insect Wing 13:03 Vertebrate Wing 13:40 Pterosaur Wing 19:04 Bird Wing and Other Non-Avian Theropods 28:05 Bat Wing References Cho, M., et al. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.... Alexander D. E. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2017.11... Prokop, J., et al. (2019). http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190460 Tomoyasu, Y., et al. (2017). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000researc... Prokop, et al. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.11... Ross A. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06... Almudi, et al. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16... Dehling J. M. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.... Ezcurra, et al. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-30... Zhou, et al. (2020). https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-191-2020 Witton M. P. (2015). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1018 Bennett, S. C. (2000). https://doi.org/10.1080/1029238000938... Kellner, et al. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0846 Dyke, et al. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2... Pittman, et al. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107631118 Chatterjee, S., & Templin, R.J. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE376 Witton, M. P., & Habib, M. B. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.... Longrich, et al. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.... Voeten, et al. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03... Hone, et al. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.... Liard, et al. (2015). https://www.researchgate.net/publicat... Hartman, et al. (2019). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7247 Tobalske B. W. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0383 Rietbergen, et al. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.... Tokita, et al. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2298 Cheney, et al. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12580 Adams, et al. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.... Outro The Soundlings - Silent Night (Youtube Library) Thumbnail Image Pterosaur Wing: Rudolf Hima (The rest are Public Domain) Join the channel's membership:    / @outofplacezoologist