Was sind gebundene Morpheme?

This video is about bound morphemes. I answer the questions about what bound grammatical morphemes and what lexical bound morphemes are. I also discuss the difference between bound and free morphemes. #language #linguistics #morphology ----------- Advertisement - My book: Order directly on Amazon: 👉 https://amzn.to/3ftYzqK (Affiliate link: If you purchase the book through the link, I will receive a small commission. It won't cost you a cent extra.) ------------- Previous knowledge: 👨‍🎓 Morphemes:    • Was sind Morpheme? Freies, gebundenes, lex...   👨‍🎓 Free morphemes:    • Was sind freie Morpheme?   👨‍🎓 Lexemes:    • Was ist ein Lexem? Was ist eine Wortform?   Sources: Spillmann, H. O. (2000): Introduction to German Linguistics. Langenscheidt. Busch, A., & Stenschke, O. (2018). German Linguistics: An Introduction. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. Dipper, S., Klabunde, R., & Mihatsch, W. (2018). Linguistics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Vogel, P. (2010). Morphemes. In E. Hentschel (ed.), German Grammar. Walter de Gruyter. 0:00 Introduction 0:28 Free Morphemes 0:40 Bound Morphemes 2:38 Word-Forming Morphemes 3:20 Bound Lexical Morphemes 4:15 Grammatical Morphemes in German 4:27 Vietnamese, Spanish, Turkish 5:59 Summary The morphemes "table" and "because" can each stand as independent lexemes in a sentence, free from other lexemes. They are therefore free morphemes. However, there are other morphemes that, unlike "Haus" and "weil," cannot stand alone, but must always be attached to another morpheme. Such morphemes are called bound morphemes. The word form "trinkst," for example, occurs in a sentence like "Du trinkst zwei Flaschen Saft" (You drink two bottles of juice) and consists of two morphemes, i.e., two units, each of which has its own meaning or grammatical function. They cannot be further subdivided. The free lexical morpheme "trink-" from "trinken" (drink) and the bound grammatical morpheme "-st," which cannot stand alone as a lexeme in a sentence. What grammatical "meaning" does this ending "-st" have? It is responsible for conveying the information that it refers to the activity of a person (you) in the present tense. Another example of a bound grammatical morpheme is the ending "n" in the word "Flaschen" (bottles). The word consists of the morphemes "Flasche" (bottle) and "-n." "Flasche" (bottle) is a free lexical morpheme that can stand alone, i.e., unbound, in a sentence and carries a meaning. The bound grammatical morpheme "-n" means that it is the plural of the word and thus carries a grammatical meaning. Are all bound morphemes automatic grammatical morphemes? No! Endings like "-ung" can neither stand alone, are they therefore bound morphemes, nor do they represent grammatical categories such as number, case, person, or tense. However, such an ending is not a lexical morpheme either. "-ung" is used to form short and compact nouns; it is a word-formation morpheme. Täuschen (deception) – deception, bebauen (building) – construction. Whether word-formation morphemes should be considered grammatical morphemes, however, is debatable. Do bound lexical morphemes even exist? Yes, they do exist, although not very frequently. One such morpheme is the "Him-" part in the word "Himbeere" (raspberry). This part cannot stand alone; it must always be combined with a morpheme (in this case, "Beere"). However, the meaning of the word "Him-" has been somewhat lost over time. It comes from the Middle High German word "Hinde," meaning "doe." A raspberry, therefore, is a hind berry. The principle of dividing morphemes into bound and free morphemes, as well as morphemes with grammatical meaning or lexical meaning, can be applied to all languages, but the distribution and use of these building blocks varies greatly. In German, grammatical morphemes are often bound to words, as in the verbs "spiel-st" (play-st), "trink-st" (drink-st), but they can also occur freely ("ich," "weil," "die"). Classical Chinese and Vietnamese, on the other hand, always use free morphemes to convey grammatical information. At first glance, this may make them easier for foreign language learners, as the information is more clearly separated, and the German system with its various endings seems rather daunting. In Spanish, unlike German, the person and number ("ich," "du," "wir," etc.) are directly attached to the verb and usually do not appear again freely: "Ich frag-e" (I ask) can be expressed in one word in Spanish: "pregunt-o."