Ciências Humanas | Introdução Geral à Filosofia | Prof. Vitor Lima | Aula 36

Human Sciences | General Introduction to Philosophy | Class 36 The perception that human beings are different from nature and, therefore, cannot be studied using the same methodology is not new. There are three major approaches to how to investigate humans as an object of study: Humanism, Positivism and Historicism Contrary to the relativist conception, in the 20th century, mainly between the 1920s and 1950s, the Human Sciences developed from three schools of thought, which caused ruptures in the field of human knowledge and gave rise to numerous other schools of thought: Phenomenology, Structuralism and Marxism. Phenomenology allowed the definition and delimitation of the objects of the Human Sciences. Structuralism allowed a methodology, without the need to imitate the hypothetical experimental procedure of the Natural Sciences. Marxism allowed human relations to be located in their material and historical conditions. The Human Sciences, however, still suffer much criticism for their claim to be scientific. This has occurred historically for three reasons. Its object is recent – ​​it emerged in the 19th century as a Science. It originated after the establishment of the Natural Sciences, which had already established the idea of ​​scientificity, which should be imitated. As a result of these two trends, they initially tried to establish the same hypothetical experimental method, in search of causal links that would necessarily and universally explain human relations and institutions. The following problems can be raised. ► Summary Introduction (00:00) 1. The human as an object of investigation (01:59) 1.1 Rousseau and humanism (02:07) 1.2 Comte and positivism (10:55) 1.3 Dilthey and historicism (17:28) 2. The Human Sciences in the 20th century XX (22:55) 2.1 Phenomenology: the construction of the idea of ​​object (23:00) 2.2 Structuralism: the methodological approach (25:09) 2.3 Marxism: the objective material conditions (33:00) 3. Methodological problems of the Human Sciences (37:05) Summary (42:54) ► Complete Course Playlist: https://tinyurl.com/e4b5uktc ► Important Links: • Join the INÉF Club: https://www.istonaoefilosofia.com/clu... • Instagram: https://tinyurl.com/inefinstagram • Telegram: https://tinyurl.com/ineftelegram ► Bibliography used: CHAUI, Marilena. Invitation to Philosophy. 12th ed. 5th imp. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 2002. CÂMARA Jr., J. Mattoso. Linguistic structuralism, 1966 In: Civilização Brasileira Magazine. nº 15/16. Structuralism. 3rd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro: s/n. FERRY, Luc. Learning to live. Trans. Véra Lúcia dos Reis. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva: 2007. LIMA, Vitor. Sophists and Socrates (Lesson 03). Course in History of Philosophy. INÉF, 2020. _________. Introduction to Modern Philosophy (Lesson 16). Course in History of Philosophy. INÉF, 2020. JAPIASSÚ, Hilton, MARCONDES, Danilo. Basic Dictionary of Philosophy. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1991. SHAMDASANI, Sonu. Jung and the Construction of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science. Trans. Maria Silvia Mourão Netto. Aparecida-SP: Ideias & Letras, 2005. LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. The Notion of Structure in Ethnology, 1952 In: Civilização Brasileira Magazine. No. 15/16. Structuralism. 3rd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro: s/n.