Москва. Александровский сад возле стен Кремля. Шикарные виды.

Alexander garden – a large green area stretching along the Western wall of the Kremlin from the Great Nikitskaya, Vozdvizhenka and Znamenka. Alexander gardens were laid out in 1823 by architect Osip Bove. They were built on the site of the floodplain of the Neglinka river at the behest of Emperor Alexander I. Originally the gardens were called the Kremlin and only after the coronation of Alexander II in 1856 – Alexander. In 1820-30-ies it was a favorite place for walking Muscovites. In 1872, on the territory of Alexander gardens was held Polytechnic exhibition on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I. the Exhibition was a huge success. The entrance to the Upper garden from the Historical Museum is decorated with a magnificent fence with two gates. They are made according to figure E. Pascal and made of cast iron, at plant Chesme A. V. Nemchinov. The fence posts are made in the form of bundles of rods and gilded axes – an ancient Roman symbol of strength and unity. The lattice is a monument of glory of the Russian weapon in fight against Napoleon. To the left of the entrance at the Kremlin wall is a memorial – the tomb of the Unknown soldier who died near Moscow in 1941. The monument was opened on may 8, 1967. Then the Eternal flame of glory was lit. "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal," it is written on black granite. Further along the wall there are monumental blocks of red porphyry – each block is dedicated to the hero city of the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The authors of the memorial are architects D. I. Burdin, V. A. Klimov and sculptor N. In. Tomsk. In the Upper garden today you can see the obelisk of gray granite. Until 2013, this place was an Obelisk erected in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs. In 1918, it was converted into a monument to "thinkers and workers of the struggle for the liberation of workers" - instead of the names of the kings on the obelisk were carved the names of the founders of scientific communism. Now it is a completely new monument, made like the original. It was built on the 400th anniversary of the Romanovs. Next, the Kremlin wall preserved the grotto, built here in the early XIX century. This element of romantic Park architecture is designed by O. Bove. In the 1990s, on the right side of the Alexander garden was built Shopping complex "Okhotny Ryad". From the side of the complex there was an imitation of the Neglinnaya river and sculptures "Heroes of Russian fairy tales" Zurab Tsereteli. The boundary between the Upper and the Middle of the garden was, and remains, the Trinity bridge connecting Trinity and the Kutafya tower of the Kremlin. Until 1819 it was a bridge over the Neglinnaya river. From the side of the Upper garden there was a mill. The middle garden in the middle of XVI century was Apothecary. At the behest of Ivan the terrible, fruit trees were planted in the garden, medicinal herbs were grown, and a vegetable garden was laid out. Apothecary garden existed at the walls of the Kremlin until 1706 and was transferred to the 1st Meshchanskaya street by decree of Peter I, who was engaged in strengthening the walls of the Kremlin bastions. Then the bed of the river Neglinnaya was reformed, and along the Kremlin walls built earthen fortifications in the form of pentagons. The remains of the Borovitsky Bastion can be seen not far from the Borovitsky tower. After the construction of Alexander gardens, when the river was removed under the ground, on the Trinity bridge from the Upper garden were ramps decorated with sculptures and flowerpots, in the Middle garden from the bridge you can go down the iron stairs. In the arch was a kitchen for a restaurant. All this was lost during the reconstruction of the bridge in 1901. Be sure to take the time and spend it in this beautiful garden! It is beautiful at any time of the year!