The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) | GEO GIRL

Details about the Great Oxidation Event - what it is, when it occurred, what triggered it, the evidence for its timing and intensity, and the aftermath regarding the composition of the atmosphere, ocean, and how it affected biological evolution. The rise of oxygen 2.4 - 2.1 billion years ago (Ga) caused by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria is corroborated by fossil evidence (stromatolites / geochemical sinks), continental oxidation evidence (detrital pyrite & redbeds), banded iron formation (BIF) evidence, and isotope (carbon, sulfur, molybdenum, etc.) evidence. We discuss carbon isotope excursions, mass dependent and mass independent fractionation in sulfur isotopes, Mo isotopic sensitivity to redox conditions, and the Canfield Ocean (why did it take so long for the Cambrian explosion to occur after the oxygenation of earth? Euxinia! Bacterial sulfate reduction sustained reducing conditions in the ocean for ~2 billion years after the GOE - explaining why BIFs stopped forming after the GOE). I have other videos that discuss the later oxidation events in Earth's history as well, so you go check those out if you are interested. References: Earth System History: https://amzn.to/3ospM1k https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812322 https://doi.org/10.1038/382127a0 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409... https://doi.org/10.1038/35065071 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16... https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1838 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06587 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13068 Brock, Biology of Microorganisms: https://amzn.to/3ktPlhb GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!) Studying for an exam? Schedule Tutoring with me: https://GEOGIRLTutoring.as.me/ Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://www.wren.co/ (Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!) Non-textbook books I recommend: Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2 Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student: Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5 Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc 0:00 Table of contents 0:30 What is the GOE? 0:47 When was the GOE? 1:31 Why did the GOE happen? 2:17 What is our evidence for the GOE? 2:51 What the fossils tell us? 4:41 Oxidation of continental rocks (rusting) 5:45 What are BIFs? Do BIFs provide evidence for GOE? 8:12 C isotope excursions (weird C isotope spikes) 10:21 Major change in S isotope fractionation! 12:24 What Mo isotopes tell us? 13:58 How did the GOE affect biology/evolution? 14:57 The Canfield Ocean! (still no O in ocean after GOE?) 17:22 Have there been other oxidation events? 18:30 Why DIDN'T animals evolve right after the GOE? Image sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_... https://stromatolitesgl2019.wordpress... https://nephicode.blogspot.com/2017/0... http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Stromatolite... http://geologylearn.blogspot.com/2017... https://www.luckysci.com/2014/09/easy... https://link.springer.com/referencewo... https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/G... http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonou... Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!