CÓMO RESOLVER UN EJERCICIO DE INCOTERMS 2020

Incoterms are a set of standard commercial terms used in international trade. Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in arranging shipments and the transfer of responsibility involved at various stages of the transaction. It is important to know Incoterms when arranging an international shipment, as they can help avoid any confusion or misunderstandings about who is responsible for what throughout the process. The correct use of Incoterms can help ensure a smooth and efficient international trade process. What are Incoterms? Incoterms are a set of international rules used for international trade. The purpose of Incoterms is to provide uniformity and clarity in the interpretation and application of various contractual terms between buyers and sellers, particularly regarding the delivery of goods from one party to another. Incoterms help minimize misunderstandings and disputes by providing a set of agreed-upon rules for both parties. Incoterms Classification There are four main categories of Incoterms: Group E, Group F, Group C, and Group D. Each group has its own set of terms that dictate who is responsible for various aspects of the transaction, such as delivery, insurance, and customs clearance. Group E is the simplest; the seller simply delivers the goods at its premises, and the buyer handles everything else. Group F is a bit more complicated; the seller must deliver the goods at a named place, but the buyer is responsible for the costs associated with primary transportation. Group C is where things start to get really complicated; in this group, the seller must not only deliver the goods at a named place but is also responsible for paying for primary transportation. Finally, Group D is the most complex; in this group, the seller must handle everything until delivery of the goods. As you can see, it's essential to understand which Incoterms apply to your transaction before agreeing to anything. Types of Incoterms Within these four categories, there are 11 different types of Incoterms used for international trade transactions. These include: Group E Ex Works (EXW): The seller is not responsible for any transportation or insurance costs, but must make the goods available to the buyer at the seller's factory or warehouse. Group F Free Carrier (FCA): The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to a named carrier at a location agreed upon with the buyer, bearing the costs until the goods arrive at the designated location. Free Alongside Ship (FAS): The seller delivers the goods alongside the vessel at the agreed port of loading. Free on Board (FOB): The seller is responsible for loading and delivering the goods at the port and on board the vessel designated by the buyer. Group C Cost and Freight (CFR): The seller pays all costs associated with the delivery of the goods at a named port, but not with unloading at the destination. Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF): This means the seller covers the cost of transportation and insurance until the goods arrive at the port of destination. CPT: The seller pays for transportation until the goods arrive at the destination. CIP: The seller pays, in addition to freight, for insurance until the goods arrive at the destination. Group D DAT: Delivered at Terminal. The seller pays the cost of transporting the goods to the named terminal at the named port or place of destination. DAP: Delivered at Place. The seller pays the cost of transporting the goods to the agreed delivery place. DDP - Delivered Duty Paid. The seller pays all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to their final destination. In this case, import duties are included in the purchase price.